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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inovmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Инновационная медицина Кубани</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innovative Medicine of Kuban</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9897</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35401/2541-9897-2025-10-3-23-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inovmed-1268</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогностическое значение маркеров опухолевых стволовых клеток и компонентов опухолевого микроокружения для оценки эффективности химиолучевого лечения у пациентов с местно-распространенным раком прямой кишки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prognostic Significance of Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Tumor Microenvironment Components for Assessing the Efficacy of Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced rectal cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-047X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Георгиева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Georgieva</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Георгиева Анастасия Юрьевна, врач-радиотерапевт</p><p>350086, Краснодар, ул. 1-го Мая, 167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya Yu. Georgieva, Radiation Oncologist</p><p>ulitsa 1 Maya 167, Krasnodar, 350086</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doc_georgieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-9558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бодня</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bodnya</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бодня Вадим Николаевич, д. м. н., врач-онколог; доцент кафедры онкологии с курсом торакальной хирурги</p><p>350086, Краснодар, ул. 1-го Мая, 167</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim N. Bodnya, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Oncologist; Associate Professor of the Department of Oncology with a Course of Thoracic Surgery</p><p>ulitsa 1 Maya 167, Krasnodar, 350086</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-2618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веревкин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verevkin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Веревкин Александр Александрович, к. м. н., заведующий кафедрой гистологии с эмбриологией, научный сотрудник лаборатории фундаментальных исследований в области регенеративной медицины, доцент кафедры патологической анатомии</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Verevkin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Histology and Embryology; Researcher at the Laboratory of Fundamental Research in the field of Regenerative Medicine; Associate Professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy</p><p>ulitsa 1 Maya 167, Krasnodar, 350086</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт – Краевая клиническая больница № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт – Краевая клиническая больница № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского; Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1; Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Георгиева А.Ю., Бодня В.Н., Веревкин А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Георгиева А.Ю., Бодня В.Н., Веревкин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Georgieva A.Y., Bodnya V.N., Verevkin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1268">https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1268</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность: Несмотря на внедрение неоадъювантной химиолучевой терапии в стандарт лечения местнораспространенного рака прямой кишки, значительная вариабельность терапевтического ответа сохраняется. Это подчеркивает необходимость стратификации пациентов на основе прогностических биомаркеров. Выявление надежных морфологических и иммуногистохимических предикторов резистентности опухоли может повысить эффективность индивидуализированной терапии. Цель исследования: Изучить прогностическую значимость маркеров опухолевых стволовых клеток и компонентов опухолевого микроокружения в оценке эффективности химиолучевой терапии у пациентов с местнораспространенным раком прямой кишки.Материалы и методы: В исследование были включены гистологические блоки, полученные из биопсийного и послеоперационного материалов 75 пациентов с гистологически подтвержденной аденокарциномой прямой кишки, которым было проведено неоадъювантное химиолучевое лечение. В рамках настоящего исследования была изучена степень опухолевого регресса (Tumor regression grading (TRG)), иммуногистохимическая экспрессия Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), TWIST, CD44, E-кадгерина, LAG3, CD20. Пороговые значения маркеров определялись методом ROC-анализа. Оценивалась связь экспрессии маркеров с клинико-морфологическими характеристиками и ответом на лечение.Результаты: Установлена достоверная ассоциация между низкой эффективностью химиолучевого лечения (TRG 2–3) и высокой экспрессией следующих маркеров: ALDH1 &gt;20% – у 78,4% пациентов (против 26,3% в группе TRG 0–1), TWIST &gt;15% – у 73,0% (против 31,6%), CD44 &gt;25% – у 64,9% (против 23,7%), LAG3 &gt;10% – у 64,9% (против 28,9%), CD20 &gt;25% – у 62,2% (против 21,1%). Снижение экспрессии E-кадгерина &lt;30% наблюдалось у 62,2% пациентов с TRG 2–3 по сравнению с 23,7% в группе выраженного морфологического ответа.Заключение: Оценка уровня экспрессии патоморфологических маркеров ALDH1, TWIST, CD44, E-кадгерин, LAG3 и CD20 являются значимыми прогностическими маркерами ответа опухоли на химиолучевую терапию. Интеграция алгоритма комплексной оценки может быть использована для индивидуализации лечения при местнораспространённом раке прямой кишки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Despite the incorporation of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy into the standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, significant variability in therapeutic response persists. This highlights the need for patient stratification using prognostic biomarkers. The identification of reliable morphological and immunohistochemical predictors of tumor resistance may enhance the effectiveness of personalized treatment strategies.Objective: To assess the prognostic value of cancer stem cell markers and components of the tumor microenvironment in predicting response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.Materials and Methods: The study included histological blocks obtained from biopsy and postoperative speciments of 75 patients with histoligically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma who had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Tumor regression grade (TRG) and immunohistochemical expression of ALDH1, TWIST, CD44, E-cadherin, LAG3, and CD20 were evaluated. Cut-off values were determined using ROC analysis. Associations between marker expression, clinicopathologic features, and treatment response were assessed. Results: A statistically significant association was found between poor response to chemoradiotherapy (TRG 2–3) and high expression of the following markers: ALDH1 &gt;20% in 78.4% of patients (vs 26.3% in the TRG 0–1 group), TWIST &gt;15% in 73.0% (vs 31.6%), CD44 &gt;25% in 64.9% (vs 23.7%), LAG3 &gt;10% in 64.9% (vs 28.9%), and CD20 &gt;25% in 62.2% (vs 21.1%). Reduced E-cadherin expression (&lt;30%) was observed in 62.2% of patients with TRG 2–3, compared to 23.7% in the marked morphological response group.Conclusions: Assessment of the expression levels of the pathomorphological markers ALDH1, TWIST, CD44, E-cadherin, LAG3, and CD20 represents a significant prognostic indicator of tumor response to chemoradiotherapy. Integration of a comprehensive evaluation algorithm may facilitate personalize treatment strategies for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>химиолучевое лечение</kwd><kwd>ALDH1</kwd><kwd>TWIST</kwd><kwd>CD44</kwd><kwd>LAG3</kwd><kwd>CD20</kwd><kwd>E-кадгерин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>chemoradiotherapy</kwd><kwd>ALDH1</kwd><kwd>TWIST</kwd><kwd>CD44</kwd><kwd>LAG3</kwd><kwd>CD20</kwd><kwd>E-cadherin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Георгиева А.Ю., Пасечникова Е.А., Кадомцев Д.В. Роль опухолевого микроокружения в механизмах канцерогенеза. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2025;1:73. https:// doi.org/10.17513/spno.33892</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Georgieva AY, Pasechnikova EA, Kadomtsev DV, et al. 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