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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inovmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Инновационная медицина Кубани</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innovative Medicine of Kuban</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9897</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35401/2541-9897-2025-10-3-59-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inovmed-1274</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отдаленные результаты и факторы риска неудовлетворительных исходов микродискэктомии и тотальной артропластики при грыжах поясничных межпозвонковых дисков у работников ОАО «РЖД»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-Term Outcomes and Risk Factors for Unsatisfactory Results of Microdiscectomy and Total Arthroplasty for Lumbar Disc Herniation among Employees of Russian Railways</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-4344</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калинин Андрей Андреевич, к. м. н., доцент, докторант кафедры нейрохирургии; врач-нейрохирург центра нейрохирургии</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Kalinin, Cand. Sci. (Med), Associate Professor, PhD Candidate, Department of Neurosurgery; Neurosurgeon of Neurosurgery Center</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-571X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пестряков</surname><given-names>Ю. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pestryakov</surname><given-names>Yu. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пестряков Юрий Яковлевич, к. м. н., докторант кафедры нейрохирургии</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri Ya. Pestryakov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), PhD Candidate, Department of Neurosurgery</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4349-7101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бывальцев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Byvaltsev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бывальцев Вадим Анатольевич, д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой нейрохирургии; руководитель центра нейрохирургии; профессор кафедры травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Красного Восстания 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim A. Byvaltsev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Neurosurgery; Professor, Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery</p><p>ulitsa Krasnogo Vostania 1, Irkutsk, 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">byval75vadim@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский государственный медицинский университет; Клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина»; Клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University; Clinical Hospital “Russian Railways-Medicine”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский государственный медицинский университет; Клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина»; Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University; Clinical Hospital “Russian Railways-Medicine”; Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калинин А.А., Пестряков Ю.Я., Бывальцев В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калинин А.А., Пестряков Ю.Я., Бывальцев В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalinin A.A., Pestryakov Y.Y., Byvaltsev V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1274">https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1274</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность: Работники железнодорожного транспорта подвергаются воздействию неблагоприятных условий труда, способствующих развитию и прогрессированию заболеваний позвоночника. Оперативное лечение данной категории пациентов должно обеспечивать быстрое и эффективное восстановление функций организма, а также полноценную реабилитацию для возвращения к профессиональной деятельности.Цель исследования: Изучить отдаленные результаты микродискэктомии (МД) и тотальной артропластики (ТА) при лечении грыж межпозвонковых дисков (МПД) поясничного отдела у сотрудников ОАО «РЖД». Определить факторы, предсказывающие риск развития неблагоприятных последствий оперативного вмешательства.Материалы и методы: За период с 2010 по 2020 гг. проведено 522 операции – МД выполнили пациентам группы I, а ТА – группе II. Через средний срок наблюдения около 8 лет после операций ретроспективно проанализированы клинические данные 481 пациента (320 пациентов группы I и 161 пациент группы II). В частности, детально изучены случаи неудачных исходов лечения у 98 пациентов (67 пациентов группы I и 31 пациент группы II).Результаты: Одномерный логистический регрессионный анализ выявил специфические факторы риска развития негативных клинических результатов отдельно для каждой группы пациентов. Для пациентов, подвергшихся МД: ИМТ 30–35 кг/м², тяжелая физическая работа, значительное уменьшение высоты позвоночного сегмента относительно вышерасположенных сегментов, дегенерация дугоотростчатых суставов (ДС) II ст. и более по Fujiwara A., дегенерация МПД III ст. и более по Pfirrmann C., величина измеряемого коэффициента диффузии (ИКД) оперированного МПД &lt; 1370 мм2/с, смена профессии вследствие болезни. Пациенты, перенесшие ТА: возраст старше 40 лет, ожирение (ИМТ &gt;35 кг/м²), курение, мигрирование грыжи диска, дегенерация ДС более II ст. по Fujiwara A., дегенерация МПД более III ст. по Pfirrmann C., наличие задних остеофитов, фасеточный угол более 60 °, наличие изменений костного мозга и концевых пластинок оперированного сегмента по Modic I–II до операции, величина ИКД оперированного МПД &lt; 1200 мм2/с, невозможность сохранения прежнего профессионального статуса.Выводы: Предложенный подход к выбору хирургического метода и своевременная коррекция указанных факторов риска способны уменьшить количество случаев неудовлетворительных исходов оперативного лечения, повысить вероятность восстановления работоспособности и снизить экономические издержки предприятия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Railway workers are exposed to occupational conditions that contribute to the development and progression of spinal disorders. Surgical treatment in these patients should include rapid and effective functional recovery, as well as full occupational rehabilitation.Objective: To analyze the long-term outcomes of microdiscectomy (MD) and total disk arthroplasty (TDA) for the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) herniations in railway workers and to identify factors predicting the risk of unfavorable postoperative outcomes.Materials and methods: Between 2010 and 2020, a total of 522 surgical procedures were performed for lumbar IVD herniations in railway workers: MD in group I and TDA in group II. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 481 patients at a mean postoperative follow-up of 8 years (320 patients in group I and 161 patients in group II). Particular attention was given to cases with unfavorable treatment outcomes, which were identified in 98 patients (67 in group I and 31 in group II).Results: Based on univariate logistic regression analysis, risk factors associated with the development of unsatisfactory clinical outcomes were determined for each patient subgroup. For patients who underwent MD: BMI of 30-35 kg/m2, high physical workload, substantial reduction in the height of the operated spinal segment relative to the adjacent upper segments, facet joint (FJ) degeneration of grade II or higher according to Fujiwara A., IVD degeneration of grade III or higher according to Pfirrmann C., apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the operated IVD &lt;1370 mm²/s, and change of profession due to illness. For patients who underwent TDA: age over 40 years, BMI over 35 kg/m2, smoking, disc herniation migration, FJ degeneration greater than grade according to Fujiwara A., FJ degeneration above grade II according to Fujiwara A., IVD degeneration above grade III according to Pfirrmann C., presence of posterior osteophytes, facet angle greater than 60°, Modic type I–II changes in bone marrow and endplates of the operated segment prior to surgery, ADC value of the operated IVD &lt;1200 mm²/s, and inability to maintain preoperative occupational status.Conclusions: The use of the proposed surgical strategy along with preoperative correction of the identified risk factors may reduce the incidence of unsatisfactory clinical outcomes, increase the rate of return to work and decrease the economic burden on the enterprise.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поясничный отдел позвоночника</kwd><kwd>дегенеративные заболевания</kwd><kwd>железнодорожники</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd><kwd>отдаленные результаты</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>возврат к труду</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lumbar spine</kwd><kwd>degenerative diseases</kwd><kwd>railway workers</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd><kwd>long-term outcomes</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd><kwd>return to work</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Латынин Е.О., Сачкова О.С., Гречушникова Д.В., Пименова Ю.В. 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