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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inovmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Инновационная медицина Кубани</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innovative Medicine of Kuban</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9897</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35401/2541-9897-2025-10-3-127-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inovmed-1283</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром полиорганной недостаточности в кардиохирургии: патофизиология как ключ к поиску эффективной профилактики и терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Cardiac Surgery: The Role of Pathophysiology in Effective Prevention and Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-5481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таранов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taranov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Таранов Евгений Владимирович, ассистент кафедры хирургических болезней Института клинической медицины; аспирант кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и трансфузиологии; врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии и реанимации</p><p>603136, Нижний Новгород, ул. Ванеева, 209</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Taranov, Assistant of the Department of Surgical Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine; Postgraduate Student of the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Transfusiology; Anesthesiologist-Resuscitator of the Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit</p><p>ulitsa Vaneeva 209, Nizhny Novgorod, 603136</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgnnmed@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7724-0123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пичугин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pichugin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пичугин Владимир Викторович, д. м. н., профессор, профессор кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и трансфузиологии; главный научный сотрудник кафедры физиологии и анатомии Института биологии и биомедицины; врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии и реанимации</p><p>603136, Нижний Новгород, ул. Ванеева, 209</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Pichugin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Transfusiology; Chief Researcher of the Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine; Anesthesiologist –intensivist of the Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit</p><p>ulitsa Vaneeva 209, Nizhny Novgorod, 603136</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2437-3867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богуш</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogush</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богуш Антонина Викторовна, к. м. н., врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог, заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии хирург</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina V. Bogush, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Anesthesiologist – intensivist, Head of the Departmet of Resuscitation and Intensive Care, Surgeon</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9333-8427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитин Клим Ильич, студент 6-го курса</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Klim I. Nikitin, 6th-year Student</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-8863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малкина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малкина Алина Сергеевна, ординатор кафедры хирургических болезней Института клинической медицины</p><p>603136, Нижний Новгород, ул. Ванеева, 209</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina S. Malkina, Resident of the Department of Surgical Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-3941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>S A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федоров Сергей Андреевич, к. м. н., доцент кафедры хирургических болезней Института клинической медицины; врач сердечно-сосудистый хирург</p><p>603136, Нижний Новгород, ул. Ванеева, 209</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Fedorov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Surgical Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine; Cardiovascular Surgeon</p><p>ulitsa Vaneeva 209, Nizhny Novgorod, 603136</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ – Специализированная кардиохирургическая клиническая больница им. акад. Б.А. Королева; Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет; Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Science Research Institute – Specialized Clinical Cardiosurgical Hospital named after B.A. Korolev; Privolzhsky Research Medical University; National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod named after N.I. Lobachevsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ – Специализированная кардиохирургическая клиническая больница им. акад. Б.А. Королева; Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Science Research Institute – Specialized Clinical Cardiosurgical Hospital named after B.A. Korolev; Privolzhsky Research Medical University; National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod named after N.I. Lobachevsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ – Специализированная кардиохирургическая клиническая больница им. акад. Б.А. Королева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Science Research Institute – Specialized Clinical Cardiosurgical Hospital named after B.A. Korolev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod named after N.I. Lobachevsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ – Специализированная кардиохирургическая клиническая больница им. акад. Б.А. Королева; Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Science Research Institute – Specialized Clinical Cardiosurgical Hospital named after B.A. Korolev; National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod named after N.I. Lobachevsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Таранов Е.В., Пичугин В.В., Богуш А.В., Никитин К.И., Малкина А.С., Федоров С.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Таранов Е.В., Пичугин В.В., Богуш А.В., Никитин К.И., Малкина А.С., Федоров С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Taranov E.V., Pichugin V.V., Bogush A.V., Nikitin K.I., Malkina A.S., Fedorov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1283">https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1283</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение: Синдром полиорганной недостаточности (СПОН) является распространенным осложнением и одной из основных причин смертности у кардиохирургических пациентов. На сегодняшний день не разработано эффективных методов терапии и стратегий профилактики этого состояния. Выявление роли системной воспалительной реакции как ключевого компонента в патогенезе СПОН способствует развитию новых подходов к лечению, направленных на воздействие на патогенетические механизмы заболевания. Использование новых фармакологических средств с противовоспалительным действием в комплексной терапии СПОН может значительно повысить эффективность лечения и улучшить исходы у кардиохирургических пациентов.Цель: Систематизация информации о патофизиологии СПОН с детализацией вклада системной воспалительной реакции, а также данных о методах профилактики и терапии.Материалы и методы: В ходе данного исследования были проанализированы научные работы, опубликованные по данной проблематике в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, EMBASE. Поиск подходящих работ выполнялся по следующим ключевым словам: «синдром полиорганной недостаточности», «синдром системной воспалительной реакции», «синдром ишемии/реперфузии», «митохондриальная недостаточность», «эндотелиальная дисфункция», «оксид азота», и их английским эквивалентам (“multiple organ dysfunction syndrome”, “systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome”, “reperfusion injury”, “nitric oxide”). Критерии включения: соответствие выбранной тематике обзора; соответствие одному из выбранных дизайнов (рандомизированные клинические исследования, экспериментальные исследования, а также литературные обзоры, представленные ранее); исследования, относящиеся к когорте кардиохирургических пациентов. Критерии исключения: исследования, посвященные клиническим наблюдениям или описанию клинического случая; исследования с сомнительными данными и результатами при анализе исследования согласно соответствующим протоколам (PRISMA, STROBE, SANRA, EQUATOR).Результаты: Рассмотрены такие аспекты, как: центральная роль системной воспалительной реакции как ключевого фактора развития СПОН; патогенез СПОН, включающий феномен ишемии-реперфузии, эндотелиальной дисфункции, нарушение микроциркуляции; смещение фокуса в вопросах терапии от стратегии, направленной исключительно на замещение органной функции к превентивным стратегиям и таргетному воздействию на указанные патогенетические механизмы.Заключение: Понимание ключевых моментов патогенеза СПОН может определить прогресс в терапии, определяющийся специфическим воздействием на патогенетические звенья развития СПОН.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a common complication and leading cause of mortality in cardiac surgery patients. To date, effective therapeutic methods and preventive strategies for this condition remain undeveloped. Identification of the role of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) as a key component in MODS pathogenesis facilitates the development of novel treatment approaches targeting the disease’s pathogenic mechanisms. The use of new pharmacological agents with anti-inflammatory properties as a part of comprehensive MODS therapy may significantly improve treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes in cardiac surgery patients.Objective: To systematize information on the pathophysiology of MODS, detailing the contribution of SIRS, as well as data on prevention and therapy methods.Materials and methods: In this study, scientific articles relevant to this topic were analyzed through searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, EMBASE databases. The search for relevant articles was performed using the following keywords: “multiple organ dysfunction syndrome”, “systemic inflammatory response syndrome”, “ischemia/reperfusion syndrome”, “mitochondrial failure”, “endothelial dysfunction”, “inhaled nitric oxide”, as well as their Russian equivalents. Inclusion criteria: relevance to selected review topic; alignment with one of the selected study designs (randomized clinical trials, experimental studies, and previously published literature reviews); studies related to a cohort of cardiac surgery patients. Exclusion criteria: studies focused on clinical observations or single case reports; studies with questionable data or results, as determined by analysis using established protocols (PRISMA, STROBE, SANRA, EQUATOR).Results: The following aspects were analyzed: the central role of SIRS as a key factor in the development of MODS; the pathogenesis of MODS, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, endothelial dysfunction, and microcirculatory disorders; and a shift in therapeutic focus from strategies aimed exclusively at replacing organ function to preventive approaches and targeted interventions addressing the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.Conclusion: Understanding the key aspects of MODS pathogenesis may guide therapeutic progress, by enabling specific targeting of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in MODS development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром полиорганной недостаточности</kwd><kwd>синдром системной воспалительной реакции</kwd><kwd>синдром ишемии/реперфузии</kwd><kwd>оксид азота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple organ dysfunction syndrome</kwd><kwd>systemic inflammatory response syndrome</kwd><kwd>ischemia/reperfusion syndrome</kwd><kwd>nitric oxide</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках грантового проекта Российского научного фонда №25-15-20083 «Разработка технологии клинического применения оксида азота, водорода и комбинации оксида азота с водородом при операциях на сердце с искусственным кровообращением»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Thе study was conducted within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation grant project No. 25-15-20083 “Development of clinical application technology for nitric oxide, hydrogen and the combination of nitric oxide with hydrogen during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еременко А.А., Бунятян К.А., Винницкий Л.И., Сидоренко Я.В. 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