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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inovmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Инновационная медицина Кубани</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innovative Medicine of Kuban</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9897</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35401/2541-9897-2025-10-4-42-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inovmed-1371</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска послеоперационных респираторных осложнений у кардиохирургических пациентов: одноцентровое ретроспективное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk Factors for Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-5481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таранов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taranov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Таранов Евгений Владимирович, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии и реанимации, НИИ – СККБ им. акад. Б.А. Королёва; аспирант кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и трансфузиологии, Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет; ассистент кафедры хирургических болезней Института клинической медицины, Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского </p><p>603136, Нижний Новгород, ул. Ванеева, 209 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Taranov, Anesthesiologist-Intensivist of the Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Science Research Institute – Specialized Cardiosurgical Clinical Hospital named after B.A. Korolev; Postgraduate Student of the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Transfusiology, Privolzhsky Research Medical University; Assistant Professor of the Department of Surgical Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgnnmed@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7724-0123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пичугин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pichugin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пичугин Владимир Викторович, д. м. н., профессор, профессор кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и трансфузиологии, Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет; главный научный сотрудник кафедры физиологии и анатомии Института биологии и биомедицины, Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского; врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии и реанимации,  НИИ – СККБ им. акад. Б.А. Королёва </p><p>Нижний Новгород </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Pichugin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Transfusiology, Privolzhsky Research Medical University; Chief Researcher of the Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod; Anesthesiologist-Intensivist of the Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Science Research Institute – Specialized Cardiosurgical Clinical Hospital named after B.A. Korolev </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2437-3867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богуш</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogush</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богуш Антонина Викторовна, к. м. н., врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог, заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии хирург </p><p>Нижний Новгород </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina V. Bogush, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Anesthesiologist-Intensivist, Head of the Department of Resuscitation and Intensive Care, Surgeon, Science Research Institute </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-8863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малкина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малкина Алина Сергеевна, ординатор кафедры хирургических болезней Института клинической медицины </p><p>Нижний Новгород </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina S. Malkina, Resident of the Department of Surgical Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9333-8427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитин Клим Ильич, ординатор кафедры госпитальной терапии им. В.Г. Вогралика </p><p>Нижний Новгород </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Klim I. Nikitin, Resident, Department of Hospital Therapy named after V.G. Vogralik </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3261-4719</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликова Арина Алексеевна, студент 4-го курса </p><p>Нижний Новгород </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arina A. Kulikova, 4th-year Student </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7632-0143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кусакин</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kusakin</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кусакин Илья Игоревич, студент 4-го курса </p><p>Нижний Новгород </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilia I. Kusakin, 4th-year Student </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7242-3866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кориков</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korikov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кориков Дмитрий Сергеевич, студент 5-го курса </p><p>Нижний Новгород </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Korikov, 5th-year Student </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0770-0829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махгоб</surname><given-names>Ф. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mahgob</surname><given-names>F. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Махгоб Фарук Хассан Фарук Мохамед, ординатор</p><p>Нижний Новгород </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Farouk Hassan Farouk Mohamed Mahgob, Resident </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ – Специализированная кардиохирургическая клиническая больница им. акад. Б.А. Королёва; Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет; Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Science Research Institute – Specialized Cardiosurgical Clinical Hospital named after B.A. Korolev; Privolzhsky Research Medical University; Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ – Специализированная кардиохирургическая клиническая больница им. акад. Б.А. Королёва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Science Research Institute – Specialized Cardiosurgical Clinical Hospital named after B.A. Korolev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Таранов Е.В., Пичугин В.В., Богуш А.В., Малкина А.С., Никитин К.И., Куликова А.А., Кусакин И.И., Кориков Д.С., Махгоб Ф.Х., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Таранов Е.В., Пичугин В.В., Богуш А.В., Малкина А.С., Никитин К.И., Куликова А.А., Кусакин И.И., Кориков Д.С., Махгоб Ф.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Taranov E.V., Pichugin V.V., Bogush A.V., Malkina A.S., Nikitin K.I., Kulikova A.A., Kusakin I.I., Korikov D.S., Mahgob F.H.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1371">https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1371</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Оценить частоту и структуру послеоперационных респираторных осложнений и выявить независимые факторы риска их развития у пациентов, перенесших кардиохирургические вмешательства в условиях искусственного кровообращения (ИК).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: Проведено ретроспективное одноцентровое исследование, включившее 658 пациентов, прооперированных в 2024 г. Проанализированы демографические, анамнестические, интра- и послеоперационные данные. Для выявления факторов риска применялся одно- и многофакторный логистические регрессионные анализы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Послеоперационные респираторные осложнения зарегистрированы у 71 (10,8%) пациента. Наиболее частым осложнением был ателектаз (7,9%). Частота послеоперационных респираторных осложнений среди курильщиков составила 24,5% (против 4,1% у некурящих), а среди пациентов с ожирением – 21,8% (против 6,3% у пациентов с ИМТ &lt;30). Многофакторный анализ выявил независимую связь с развитием послеоперационных респираторных осложнений для возраста &gt;65 лет (ОШ 6,14; 95% ДИ 3,38–11,16), при длительности ИК &gt;120 мин (ОШ 5,86; 95% ДИ 3,57–9,60), с наличием фактора курения в анамнезе (ОШ 5,92; 95% ДИ 2,89–12,15), ожирения (ИМТ ≥30 кг/м²; ОШ 5,12; 95% ДИ 2,70–9,81) и комбинированного характера операции (ОШ 4,69; 95% ДИ 2,46–8,94). Наличие ХОБЛ (ОШ 1,94; 95% ДИ 1,11–3,39) и легочной гипертензии (ОШ 2,14; 95% ДИ 1,79–5,52) также ассоциировалось с повышенным риском (для всех p&lt;0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: Установленные модифицируемые факторы риска (курение, ожирение) подчёркивают важность предоперационной подготовки. Немодифицируемые факторы (возраст, тип операции) определяют группу высокого риска, требующую повышенного внимания и ранней профилактики послеоперационных респираторных осложнений. Полученные данные могут быть использованы для разработки алгоритмов стратификации риска в кардиохирургической практике.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To determine the incidence and structure of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and to identify independent risk factors for their development in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-center study included 658 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in 2024. Demographic, anamnestic, intra- and postoperative data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for postoperative complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: PPCs were observed in 71 (10.8%) patients. Atelectasis was the most common complication (7.9%). The incidence of PPCs among smokers was 24.5% (compared to 4.1% among non-smokers), and among obese patients – 21.8% (compared to 6.3% in patients with BMI &lt;30). Multivariate analysis revealed an independent association with the development of PPCs for age &gt;65 years (OR 6.14; 95% CI 3.38–11.16), CPB duration &gt;120 min (OR 5.86; 95% CI 3.57–9.60), smoking history (OR 5.92; 95% CI 2.89– 12.15), obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²; OR 5.12; 95% CI 2.70–9.81), and combined surgery (OR 4.69; 95% CI 2.46–8.94). The presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.11–3.39) and pulmonary hypertension (OR 2,14; 95% CI 1.79–5.52) was also associated with an increased risk (all p &lt; 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: The identified modifiable risk factors (smoking, obesity) highlight the importance of preoperative optimization. Nonmodifiable factors (age, type of surgery) define a high-risk group requiring increased attention and early prevention of PPC. The findings may contribute to the development of risk stratification algorithms in cardiac surgery practice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>послеоперационные респираторные осложнения</kwd><kwd>кардиохирургия</kwd><kwd>искусственное кровообращение</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>ретроспективное исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>postoperative pulmonary complications</kwd><kwd>cardiac surgery</kwd><kwd>cardiopulmonary bypass</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>retrospective study</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Writing Committee, Bass TA, Abbott JD, et al. 2023 ACC/ AHA/SCAI Advanced Training Statement on Interventional Cardiology (Coronary, Peripheral Vascular, and Structural Heart Interventions): A Report of the ACC Competency Management Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;81(14):1386-1438. 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