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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inovmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Инновационная медицина Кубани</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innovative Medicine of Kuban</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9897</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35401/2541-9897-2025-10-4-51-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inovmed-1372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ площади сканов сердца и его камер у здоровых плодов и у плодов с врождёнными пороками сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Analysis of Heart and Chamber Areas on Scans in Healthy Fetuses and Fetuses with Congenital Heart Defects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-4744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карахалис</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karakhalis</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карахалис Марк Николаевич, аспирант кафедры лучевой диагностики № 1 ФПК и ППС</p><p>350063, Краснодар, ул. Митрофана Седина, 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mark N. Karakhalis, Postgraduate Student, Diagnostic Radiology Department No. 1, Faculty of Continuing Professional Development and Retraining </p><p>Krasnodar </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mark_karakhalis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-3930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поморцев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pomortsev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поморцев Алексей Викторович, д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой лучевой диагностики № 1 ФПК и ППС </p><p>Краснодар </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey V. Pomortsev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Diagnostic Radiology Department No. 1, Faculty of Continuing Professional Development and Retraining </p><p>Krasnodar </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-5670</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривоносова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivonosova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кривоносова Наталья Владимировна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии ФПК и ППС, Кубанский государственный медицинский университет; врач ультразвуковой диагностики, Детская краевая клиническая больница </p><p>Краснодар </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Krivonosova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Faculty of Continuing Professional Development and Retraining, Kuban State Medical University; Sonologist, Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital</p><p>Krasnodar  </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный медицинский университет; Детская краевая клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University; Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карахалис М.Н., Поморцев А.В., Кривоносова Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карахалис М.Н., Поморцев А.В., Кривоносова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karakhalis M.N., Pomortsev A.V., Krivonosova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1372">https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1372</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность: Внедрение и применение современных математических моделей для обработки и анализа данных при лучевой диагностике врожденных пороков сердца (ВПС) представляет собой актуальную задачу. Использование современных нейронных сетей для прогнозирования ВПС потенциально способствует снижению частоты недиагностированных случаев.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: Сравнение площадей сердца и его камер, включая соотношения между предсердиями и желудочками, при проведении второго акушерского скрининга у плодов с ВПС и без ВПС.</p></sec><sec><title>Дизайн</title><p>Дизайн: Проведено наблюдательное нерандомизированное исследование с участием 85 беременных женщин в сроки, соответствующие второму акушерскому скринингу. Пациентки были разделены на две группы: I группа (n=45) – беременные женщины со здоровыми плодами; II группа (n=40) – беременные женщины, у плодов которых диагностированы ВПС. В ходе обследования определялись площади сердца и его камер, рассчитывался кардио-кардиальный индекс у здоровых плодов и при наличии ВПС. Оценивались соотношения площадей предсердий и желудочков в норме и при ВПС. Исследование проводилось с использованием ультразвукового сканера Samsung H 60 (Samsung Medison, Южная Корея) в перинатальном центре ГБУЗ «Детская краевая больница» Минздрава Краснодарского края. Статистическая обработка 132 исследований выполнена с применением статистического пакета STATISTICA 13.3 (Tibco Software Inc., США).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Получены референсные значения площади сердца (2,57–3,97 мм²) и площади камер сердца: правое предсердие (ПП) (0,26–0,46 мм²), левое предсердие (ЛП) (0,27–0,53 мм²), правый желудочек (ПЖ) (0,25–0,46 мм²), левый желудочек (ЛЖ) (0,34–0,64 мм²). У плодов с ВПС выявлены отклонения от референсных значений: ПП ≤0,25 мм² или ≥0,47 мм²; ЛП ≤0,26 мм² или ≥0,54 мм²; ПЖ ≤0,24 мм² или ≥0,47 мм²; ЛЖ ≤0,33 мм² или ≥0,65 мм². Значения кардио-кардиального индекса у здоровых плодов составило 0,11–0,14, у плодов с ВПС – от 0,05 до 0,25. При ВПС соотношения зависят от типа порока и обусловлены перегрузкой правых отделов сердца вследствие особенностей фетального кровотока.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: Определение площади сердца в интервале от 2,57 мм² до 3,97 мм² при проведении второго акушерского скрининга позволяет с высокой вероятностью исключить наличие ВПС у плода. Оценка кардио-кардиального индекса является ценным методом диагностики: значения 0,11–0,14 характерны для здоровых плодов, у плодов с ВПС он варьирует в широких пределах за счёт нарушения фетального кровотока, что указывает на наличие сердечно-сосудистой патологии при ВПС с обогащённым легочным кровотоком и при аномалиях легочно-венозного соединения. При ВПС с обеднённым легочным кровотоком, при аномалии конотрункуса и при ВПС с обструкцией системного кровотока, наряду с УЗИ сердца, необходимо проводить МРТ сердца для верификации диагноза. Дальнейшее совершенствование ультразвуковых методов и аппаратов УЗИ, внедрение фетальной кардио-МРТ, призвано улучшить своевременное выявление ВПС у плода и стать важным инструментом в рутинной практике врача лучевой диагностики, позволит использовать математический анализ в клинической практике.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: The implementation and application of modern mathematical models for data analysis in the radiological diagnosis of congenital heart defects (CHD) represents a significant challenge. The use of modern neural networks for predicting CHD has the potential to reduce the incidence of undiagnosed cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To compare the areas of heart and its chambers, including the atrial to ventricular ratios, during the second trimester obstetric screening between fetuses with and without CHD.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: An observational non-randomized study was conducted involving 85 pregnant women during the second trimester obstetric screening. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n=45) – pregnant women with healthy fetuses and Group II (n=40) – pregnant women carrying fetuses with CHD. During the examination, the areas of the heart and its chambers were determined, and the cardio-cardial index (CCI) was calculated in healthy fetuses and in the fetuses with СHD. The atrial to ventricular area ratios were evaluated in both healthy fetuses and fetuses with CHD. The study was conducted using a Samsung H60 ultrasound scanner (Samsung Medison, South Korea) in the Perinatal Center of Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital (Krasnodar). Statistical analysis of data from 132 cases was performed using the STATISTICA 13.3 software package (TIBCO Software Inc., USA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Reference values were determined for the area of the heart (2.57-3.97 mm2) and for the areas of its chambers: right atrium (RA) 0.26-0.46 mm2, left atrium (LA) 0.27-0.53 mm2, right ventricle (RV) 0.25-0.46 mm2, left ventricle (LV) 0.34-0.64 mm2. A significant difference from the reference values was observed in fetuses with CHD: RA ≤ 0.25 mm2 or ≥ 0.47 mm2; LA ≤ 0.26 mm2 or ≥ 0.54 mm2; RV ≤ 0.24 mm2 or ≥ 0.47 mm2; LV ≤ 0.33 mm2 or ≥ 0.65 mm2. The CCI was 0.11-0.14 in healthy fetuses, 0.05-0.25 in fetuses with CHD. In congenital heart defects, the ratios depend on the type of malformation and are determined by right heart overload resulting from the characteristics of fetal circulation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Determination of the fetal heart area in the range of 2.57 mm2 to 3.97 mm2 during the second trimester obstetric screening allows for the exclusion of CHD with high probability. Evaluation of CCI is a valuable diagnostic method: the range of 0.11-0.14 is associated with healthy fetuses, while in fetuses with CHD, the values vary widely due to altered fetal blood flow, indicating the presence of cardiovascular pathology in CHD with increased pulmonary blood flow and in anomalies of the pulmonary venous connection. In cases of CHD with decreased pulmonary blood flow, conotruncal anomalies or CHD with obstruction of systemic blood flow, fetal cardiac MRI should be performed alongside fetal echocardiography to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Improving ultrasound methods and equipment, as well as the introduction of fetal cardiac MRI, are expected to enhance the early detection of CHD and should become an important tool in routine practice of radiologists, enabling the integration of mathematical analysis into clinical practice. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденные пороки сердца</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>у льтразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital heart defects</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>ultrasound</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lloyd DF, van Amerom JF, Pushparajah K, et al. An exploration of the potential utility of fetal cardiovascular MRI as an adjunct to fetal echocardiography. Prenat Diagn. 2016;36(10):916-925. PMID: 27521762. 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