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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inovmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Инновационная медицина Кубани</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innovative Medicine of Kuban</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9897</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35401/2541-9897-2025-10-4-60-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inovmed-1373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ретроградная интраренальная хирургия в лечении пациентов с аномалиями почек и мочекаменной болезнью с использованием аспирационного мочеточникового кожуха</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Patients with Renal Anomalies and Urolithiasis Using an Aspirating Ureteral Access Sheath</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-9689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергеев Владимир Витальевич, к. м. н., заведующий отделением урологии № 1 </p><p>350012, Краснодар, ул. Красных Партизан, 6/2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Sergeev, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Urology Unit No. 1 </p><p>Krasnodar </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Sergeev_vladimir888@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-4897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлов Валентин Николаевич, д. м. н., профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой урологии и онкологии </p><p>Уфа </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin N. Pavlov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Urology and Oncology Department </p><p>Ufa </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-2578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведев</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedev</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медведев Владимир Леонидович, д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой урологии, Кубанский государственный медицинский университет; заместитель главного врача по урологии, руководитель краевого уронефрологического центра, НИИ – ККБ № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского </p><p>Краснодар </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir L. Medvedev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Urology Department, Kuban State Medical University; Deputy Chief Physician for Urology, Head of the Regional Uronephrology Center, Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 </p><p>Krasnodar </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0755-903X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габриэль</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabriel</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Габриэль Сергей Александрович, д. м. н., главный врач, Краевая клиническая больница № 2; профессор кафедры хирургии № 3, Кубанский государственный медицинский университет </p><p>Краснодар </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Gabriel, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Physician, Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2; Professor, Surgery Department No. 3, Kuban State Medical University </p><p>Krasnodar </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-6161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурбаков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churbakov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чурбаков Василий Вячеславович, врач-уролог, отделение урологии № 1 </p><p>Краснодар </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy V. Churbakov, Urologist, Urology Unit No. 1 </p><p>Krasnodar </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7192-2066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аносов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anosov</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аносов Юрий Юрьевич, врач-уролог, отделение урологии № 1 </p><p>Краснодар </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy Yu. Anosov, Urologist, Urology Unit No. 1 </p><p>Krasnodar </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3462-8766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Палагута</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Palaguta</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Палагута Георгий Александрович, врач-уролог, урологическое отделение № 1, НИИ – ККБ № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского; ассистент кафедры урологии </p><p>Краснодар </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgiy A. Palaguta, Urologist, Department of Urology, Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Hospital No. 1; Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, Kuban State Medical University </p><p>Krasnodar </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2967-361X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болотоков</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolotokov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Болотоков Ахмед Лиуанович, врач-уролог, отделение урологии № 1 </p><p>Краснодар </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Akhmed L. Bolotokov, Urologist, Urology Unit No. 1 </p><p>Krasnodar </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Краевая клиническая больница № 2</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный медицинский университет; Научно-исследовательский институт – Краевая клиническая больница № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University; Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Краевая клиническая больница № 2; Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2; Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сергеев В.В., Павлов В.Н., Медведев В.Л., Габриэль С.А., Чурбаков В.В., Аносов Ю.Ю., Палагута Г.А., Болотоков А.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергеев В.В., Павлов В.Н., Медведев В.Л., Габриэль С.А., Чурбаков В.В., Аносов Ю.Ю., Палагута Г.А., Болотоков А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergeev V.V., Pavlov V.N., Medvedev V.L., Gabriel S.A., Churbakov V.V., Anosov Y.Y., Palaguta G.A., Bolotokov A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1373">https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1373</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность: В настоящее время технический прогресс, в том числе разработка миниатюрных эндоскопических инструментов и развитие визуализации данных, стал основой ретроградной интраренальной хирургии (РИРХ) в лечении пациентов с конкрементами почек менее 20 мм. В повседневной практике возникают ситуации, выходящие за рамки стандартных клинических рекомендаций. К таким случаям относятся пациенты с нефролитиазом и аномалиями развития почек. Разработка гибких эндоскопов малого калибра с высокой маневренностью дистальной части, в сочетании с технологией гольмиевого лазера, использование нитилоновых корзинок для дислокации и извлечения конкрементов, а также применение аспирационных кожухов и активной ирригации открыли новые возможности для проведения эффективной и безопасной эндоскопической литотрипсии при аномалиях почек.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Проанализировать результаты ретроградной интраренальной хирургии с применением гольмиевого лазера и аспирационного мочеточникового кожуха у пациентов с аномалиями почек (полное и неполное удвоение почки, подковообразная почка, дистопия, мальротация почки, поликистоз почек) и нефролитиазом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: Проведено ретроспективное исследование на базе ГБУЗ «ККБ № 2» Минздрава Краснодарского края и ГБУЗ «НИИ – ККБ № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского» Минздрава Краснодарского края. В период с 2022 по 2024 г. нами проанализированы результаты лечения 80 пациентов с мочекаменной болезнью и аномалиями почек. В исследование вошли 30 пациентов с удвоенной почкой (из них 18 – с неполным и 12 – с полным удвоением), 22 – с подковообразной почкой, 18 – с дистопией и мальротацией почки, 10 – с поликистозом почек. Всем пациентам перед РИРХ за 10–14 дней до операции устанавливались мочеточниковые стенты. В зависимости от визуальной оценки диаметра мочеточника выбирался аспирационный мочеточниковый кожух с гибким дистальным концом и гидрофильным покрытием диаметром 10 Ch, 12 Ch или 14 Ch. Преимущество аспирационного кожуха с гибким концом заключается в возможности его непосредственного проведения к месту литотрипсии. Лазерная литотрипсия конкрементов выполнялась с активной аспирацией фрагментов. В завершение операции всем пациентам устанавливали мочеточниковый стент. После операции все пациенты проходили низкодозную КТ для оценки наличия оставшихся фрагментов и определения необходимости повторной РИРХ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Всего проведено 95 операций у 80 пациентов (38 женщин и 42 мужчины). Средний возраст составил 40±15 лет. Уровень успешности, оцениваемый по SFR на 1-й день после операции, достиг 81,25%. После повторных операций этот показатель увеличился до 95%. Оценка SFR считалась положительной при наличии фрагментов размером менее 2 мм. Повторные операции выполнены у 6 пациентов с удвоенной почкой (2 – с полным и 4 – с неполным удвоением), а также у пациентов с подковообразной почкой, 3 – с дистопией и мальротацией почки и 1 – c поликистозом. Повторные вмешательства проводились на 3-й день после первой процедуры. Далее приведены результаты общие для всех групп. Средний размер конкрементов составил 11,06±3,98 мм, их плотность – 1017±235,8 HU. Время операции – 50,4±5 мин, среднее пребывание в стационаре – 5±1 дня. Осложнения по классификации Clavien-Dindo степени I (макрогематурия, боль, лихорадка) возникли у 11,25% пациентов, преимущественно в первые 1–2 дня после операции, и носили незначительный характер. Осложнения II степени выявлены у 6,25%, среди которых острый пиелонефрит у 3-х пациентов на 1-й день и у 2-х пациентов – на 2-й день. Все они успешно купированы антибактериальной терапией. У одного пациента с подковообразной почкой развился уросепсис в течение 6 ч после операции, что потребовало интенсивной терапии и гемосорбции. Общий процент осложнений составил 18,75%. В связи с этим не выявлено зарегистрированных случаев осложнений III и V степеней.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: У пациентов с аномалиями почек и мочекаменной болезнью ретроградная интраренальная хирургия с применением аспирационного мочеточникового кожуха действительно представляет собой эффективный и безопасный метод, обеспечивающий высокий уровень SFR и низкую частоту осложнений. Этот метод целесообразно рассматривать как предпочтительный вариант первой линии лечения, а также как альтернативу дистанционной ударно-волновой литотрипсии или перкутанной нефролитотрипсии. Каждый случай требует индивидуального подхода для достижения оптимальных результатов и обеспечения безопасности пациента. В дальнейшем важно проводить дополнительные исследования для уточнения хирургической тактики и определения показаний к проведению РИРХ при различных аномалиях почек, учитывая, что большинство публикаций сосредоточены на описании подковообразной почки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Current technological advancements, including the miniaturization of endoscopic instruments and improved image quality, have established retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) as a leading treatment method for patients with kidney stones smaller than 20 mm. In daily practice, we encounter cases that fall outside standard clinical guidelines. Such cases include patients with nephrolithiasis and renal anomalies. The development of small-caliber flexible endoscopes with highly maneuverable distal tip, combined with holmium laser technology, the use of nitinol baskets for stone displacement and extraction, as well as the application of aspirating access sheaths and active irrigation, have made it possible to perform effective and safe endoscopic lithotripsy in patients with renal anomalies.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To analyze the outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery using a holmium laser and an aspirating ureteral access sheath in patients with renal anomalies (complete and incomplete renal duplication, horseshoe kidney, renal ectopia, renal malrotation, polycystic kidney disease) and nephrolithiasis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2 and the Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1. Between 2022 and 2024, we analyzed the treatment outcomes of 80 patients with urolithiasis and renal anomalies. The study included 30 patients with duplex kidney (18 with incomplete and 12 with complete duplication), 22 with horseshoe kidney, 18 with renal ectopia and malrotation, and 10 with polycystic kidney disease. Ureteral stents were placed in all patients 10–14 days prior to RIRS. Depending on the visual assessment of ureteral diameter, a 10 Ch, 12 Ch or 14 Ch aspirating ureteral access sheath with a flexible distal tip and hydrophilic coating was selected. The advantage of an access sheath with a flexible tip lies in its ability to advance it directly to the lithotripsy site. Laser lithotripsy of stones was performed with active aspiration of fragments. At the end of the procedure, a ureteral stent was placed in all patients. Postoperatively, all patients underwent low-dose CT to assess for residual fragments and determine the need for repeat RIRS. Results: A total of 95 RIRS procedures were performed in 80 patients (38 women and 42 men). The mean age was 40 ± 15 years. The success rate, assessed by the stone-free rate (SFR) on postoperative day 1, was 81.25%. After repeat procedures, this rate increased to 95%. SFR was considered positive for residual fragments smaller than 2 mm. Repeat procedures were performed in 6 patients with duplex kidney (2 with complete and 4 with incomplete duplication), as well as in 5 patients with horseshoe kidney, 3 patients with ectopia and renal malrotation, and 1 patient with polycystic kidney disease. Reinterventions were performed on day 3 after the initial procedure. The following results are presented collectively for all groups. The mean stone size was 11.06 ± 3.98 mm, with a density of 1017 ± 235.8 Hounsfield Units (HU). The mean operative time was 50.4 ± 5 minutes, and the mean hospital stay was 5 ± 1 days. Complications classified as Clavien-Dindo grade I (macrohematuria, pain, fever) occurred in 11.25% of patients, primarily on postoperative days 1–2, and were minor. Grade II complications were observed in 6.25% of patients, including cases of acute pyelonephritis in 3 patients on the first postoperative day and in 2 patients on the second postoperative day, which were successfully managed with antibiotic therapy. One patient with a horseshoe kidney developed urosepsis within 6 hours postoperatively, requiring intensive care and hemoperfusion. The overall complication rate was 18.75%. No Grade III or Grade V complications were reported.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: In patients with renal anomalies and urolithiasis, retrograde intrarenal surgery using an aspirating ureteral access sheath is an effective and safe method, characterized by a high SFR and a low complication rate. This method should be considered a firstline treatment option and a viable alternative to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Each case requires an individualized approach to ensure patient safety and achieve optimal outcomes. Further research is needed to optimize surgical techniques and define indications for RIRS in various renal anomalies, as the majority of publications focus on horseshoe kidney.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мочекаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>ретроградная интраренальная хирургия</kwd><kwd>аномалии развития почек</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urolithiasis</kwd><kwd>retrograde intrarenal surgery</kwd><kwd>renal anomalies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skolarikos A, Jung H, Neisius A, et al. European Association of Urology Guidelines. Published 2024. 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