inovmedИнновационная медицина КубаниInnovative Medicine of Kuban2541-9897Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 110.35401/2541-9897-2025-10-4-129-135inovmed-1382Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОценка риска развития и прогнозирование исхода тромбоэмболии легочной артерииRisk Assessment and Outcome Prediction in Pulmonary Embolismhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-1502АкименкоТ. И.AkimenkoT. I.

Акименко Татьяна Игоревна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и неотложной педиатрии факультета послевузовского и дополнительного профессионального образования, Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет; врач анестезиологреаниматолог отделения реанимации для кардиологических больных, Городская Покровская больница 

194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2 

Tatiana I. Akimenko, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency  Pediatrics, Faculty of Postgraduate and Continuing Professional Education, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Anesthesiologist-Intensivist, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Pokrovskaya City Hospital 

ulitsa Litovskaya 2, Saint Petersburg, 194100 

t.akimenko2010@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-4813АлександровичЮ. С.AleksandrovichYu. S.

Александрович Юрий Станиславович, д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой анестезиологии, реаниматологии и неотложной педиатрии факультета послевузовского и дополнительного профессионального образования 

Санкт-Петербург 

Yurii S. Aleksandrovich, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Pediatrics, Faculty of Postgraduate and Continuing Professional Education 

Saint Petersburg 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-4652РазумовС. А.RazumovS. A.

Разумов Сергей Андреевич, к. м. н., профессор кафедры анестезиологии и интенсивной терапии № 1, Медицинский университет Астана; независимый эксперт по детской анестезиологии и реаниматологии Министерства Здравоохранения 

Астана 

Sergey A. Razumov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit No. 1, Astana Medical University; Independent Expert in Pediatric Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan 

Astana 

Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет; Городская Покровская больницаРоссияSaint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Pokrovskaya City HospitalRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияSaint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian FederationМедицинский университет АстанаКазахстанAstana Medical UniversityKazakhstan202530122025104129135Copyright © Акименко Т.И., Александрович Ю.С., Разумов С.А., 20252025Акименко Т.И., Александрович Ю.С., Разумов С.А.Akimenko T.I., Aleksandrovich Y.S., Razumov S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1382

Тромбоэмболия легочной артерии по-прежнему остается одной из ведущих причин смерти во всём мире. Своевременная диагностика и лечение позволяют улучшить как показатели выживаемости, так и качество жизни пациентов в отдалённой перспективе. Предтестовая стратификация вероятности тромбоэмболии легочной артерии позволяет отказаться от методов диагностики, сопряжённых с потенциальным риском осложнений, обусловленных как лучевой нагрузкой, так и введением контрастного вещества. В статье представлены шкалы для оценки вероятности тромбоэмболии легочной артерии, риска осложнений, неблагоприятного исхода и рецидива тромбоэмболии. Показаны преимущества и недостатки представленных шкал для практического применения, а также особенности использования шкал у различных категорий пациентов. 

Pulmonary embolism remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Timely diagnosis and treatment can improve both survival rates and the long-term quality of life in patients. The pre-test probability stratification for pulmonary embolism enables the exclusion of diagnostic methods associated with potential complications due to both radiation exposure and contrast agent administration.

The article presents scales for assessing the probability of pulmonary embolism, the risk of complications, adverse outcomes, and recurrence of thromboembolism. The advantages and disadvantages of the presented scales for practical use are discussed, along with specific considerations for their use in different patient groups.

тромбоэмболия легочной артериишкалыфакторы рискаpulmonary embolismscoring systemsrisk factorsReferencesНикулина Н.Н., Тереховская Ю.В. Эпидемиология тромбоэмболии легочной артерии в современном мире: анализ заболеваемости, смертности и проблем их изучения. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2019;24(6):103-108. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-6-103-108Nikulina NN, Terekhovskaya YuV. Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in today’s context: analysis of incidence, mortality and problems of their study. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2019;24(6):103– 108. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-6-103-108Таранов Е.В., Пастухова Н.К., Пичугин В.В. и др. Сравнительная оценка влияния анестетиков (пропофола, севофлурана, десфлурана) на гемодинамику и газообмен в легких при операциях по поводу острой тромбоэмболии легочной артерии. Вестник анестезиологии и реаниматологии. 2024;21(3):64-75. http://doi.org/10.24884/2078-5658-2024-21-3-64-75Taranov EV, Pastukhova NK, Pichugin VV, et al. Comparative assessment of the effect of anesthetics (propofol, sevoflurane, desflurane) on hemodynamics and gas exchange in the lungs during operations for acute pulmonary embolism. Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION. 2024;21(3):64–75. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24884/2078-5658-2024-21-3-64-75Claeys MJ, Vandekerckhove Y, Cosyns B, Van de Borne P, Lancellotti P. Summary of 2019 ESC Guidelines on chronic coronary syndromes, acute pulmonary embolism, supraventricular tachycardia and dislipidaemias. Acta Cardiol. 2021;76(1):1-8. PMID: 31920149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015385.2019.1699282Claeys MJ, Vandekerckhove Y, Cosyns B, Van de Borne P, Lancellotti P. Summary of 2019 ESC Guidelines on chronic coronary syndromes, acute pulmonary embolism, supraventricular tachycardia and dislipidaemias. Acta Cardiol. 2021;76(1):1-8. PMID:Caprini Risk Score. Caprini Risk Score for Blood Clots. https://capriniriskscore.org/. Accessed December 15,2024.https://doi.org/10.1080/00015385.2019.1699282Авдеева Н.Н., Сумин С.А., Тяпина С.В., Волкова Н.А., Жабин С.Н. Антикоагулянтная терапия тромбоэмболии легочной артерии с тромбозом правых камер сердца. Вестник анестезиологии и реаниматологии. 2021;18(3):87-92. http://doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2021-18-3-87-92Caprini Risk Score. Caprini Risk Score for Blood Clots. https://capriniriskscore.org/. Accessed December 15,2024.Александрович Ю.С., Гордеев В.И. Оценочные и прогностические шкалы в медицине критических состояний. 4-е изд. Санкт-Петербург: Медиздат-СПб, 2020.Аvdeeva NN, Sumin SА, Tyapina SV, Volkova NА, Zhabin SN. Anticoagulant Therapy of Acute Pulmonary Embolism with Right Heart Thrombi. Messenger of ANESTHESIO¬ LOGY AND RESUSCITATION. 2021;18(3):87–92. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2021-18-3-87-92Yunfeng Z., Yi C., Hongwei W. et al. The Legend score synthesizes Wells, PERC, Geneva, D-dimer and predicts acute pulmonary embolism prior to imaging tests. Pulmonology. 2023;10:S2531-0437(23)00195-2. http://doi.org/0.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.10.002.Aleksandrovich YS, Gordeev VI. Otsenochnye i prognosticheskie shkaly v meditsine kriticheskikh sostoyanii. 4th ed. Saint Petersburg: Medizdat-SPb; 2020. (In Russ.).Чазова И.Е., Мартынюк Т.В., Валиева З.С. и др. Евразийские рекомендации по диагностике и лечению хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензии (2020). Евразийский кардиологический журнал. 2021;1(34):6-43. https://doi.org/10.38109/2225-1685-2021-1-6-43Yunfeng Z., Yi C., Hongwei W. et al. The Legend score synthesizes Wells, PERC, Geneva, D-dimer and predicts acute pulmonary embolism prior to imaging tests. Pulmonology. 2023;10:S2531- 0437(23)00195-2. http://doi.org/0.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.10.002.Shen JH, Chen HL, Chen JR, Xing JL, Gu P, Zhu BF. Comparison of the Wells score with the revised Geneva score for assessing suspected pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41(3):482-492. PMID: 26178041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-015-1250-2Chazova IE, Martynyuk TV, Valieva ZS, Azizov VA, Akchurin RS, Ansheles AA, et al. Eurasian Association of Cardiology (EAC) Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (2020). Eurasian heart journal. 2021;(1):6– 43. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.38109/2225-1685-2021-1-6-43Гаврилов Д.В., Андрейченко А.Е., Ермак А.Д., Кузнецова Т.Ю., Гусев А.В. Оценка вероятности тромбоэмболии легочной артерии при помощи модели машинного обучения. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2024;29(4):109-119. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2024-5679Shen JH, Chen HL, Chen JR, Xing JL, Gu P, Zhu BF. Comparison of the Wells score with the revised Geneva score for assessing suspected pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41(3):482-492. PMID:van der Hulle T, Cheung WY, Kooij S, et al. Simplified diagnostic management of suspected pulmonary embolism (the YEARS study): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet. 2017;390(10091):289-297. PMID: 28549662. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30885-1https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-015-1250-2Kahn SR, de Wit K. Pulmonary Embolism. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(1):45-57. PMID: 35793208. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmcp2116489Gavrilov D.V., Andrejchenko A.E., Ermak A.D., Kuzneczova T. Yu., Gusev A.V. Assessment of pulmonary embolism probability using a machine learning model. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2024;29(4):109-119. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2024-5679.Stals MAM, Beenen LFM, Coppens M, et al. Performance of the 4-Level Pulmonary Embolism Clinical Probability Score (4PEPS) in the diagnostic management of pulmonary embolism: An external validation study. Thromb Res. 2023;231:65-75. PMID: 37816274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2023.09.010van der Hulle T, Cheung WY, Kooij S, et al. Simplified diagnostic management of suspected pulmonary embolism (the YEARS study): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet. 2017;390(10091):289-297. PMID: 28549662. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30885-1Righini M, Van Es J, Den Exter PL, et al. Age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff levels to rule out pulmonary embolism: the ADJUST-PE study. JAMA. 2014;311(11):1117-1124. PMID: 24643601. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.2135Kahn SR, de Wit K. Pulmonary Embolism. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(1):45-57. PMID: 35793208. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmcp2116489van der Pol LM, Dronkers CEA, van der Hulle T, et al. The YEARS algorithm for suspected pulmonary embolism: shorter visit time and reduced costs at the emergency department. J Thromb Haemost. 2018;16(4):725-733. PMID: 29431911. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.13972Stals MAM, Beenen LFM, Coppens M, et al. Performance of the 4-Level Pulmonary Embolism Clinical Probability Score (4PEPS) in the diagnostic management of pulmonary embolism: An external validation study. Thromb Res. 2023;231:65-75. PMID:van der Pol LM, Tromeur C, Bistervels IM, et al. Pregnancy-Adapted YEARS Algorithm for Diagnosis of Suspected Pulmonary Embolism. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(12):1139-1149. PMID: 30893534. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1813865https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2023.09.010Эрлих А.Д., Барбараш О.Л., Бернс С.А., Шмидт Е.А., Дупляков Д.В. Шкала SIRENA для оценки риска госпитальной смерти у пациентов с острой лёгочной эмболией. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(4S):4231. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4231Righini M, Van Es J, Den Exter PL, et al. Age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff levels to rule out pulmonary embolism: the ADJUST-PE study. JAMA. 2014;311(11):1117-1124. PMID:Черепанова Н.А., Эрлих А.Д., Павлова Т.В., Муллова И.С., Дупляков Д.В. Валидизация шкалы SIRENA для оценки риска госпитальной смерти у пациентов с острой тромбоэмболией легочной артерии на независимой выборке. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2022;27(2S):4984. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2022-4984https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.2135Yaman M, Orak M, Durgun HM, et al. The prognostic value of HALP score and sPESI in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Postgrad Med J. 2024;101(1191):60-65. PMID: 39301789. https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgae124van der Pol LM, Dronkers CEA, van der Hulle T, et al. The YEARS algorithm for suspected pulmonary embolism: shorter visit time and reduced costs at the emergency department. J Thromb Haemost. 2018;16(4):725-733. PMID: 29431911. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.13972Marginean A, Arora P, Walsh K, et al. Utilization of a Novel Scoring System in Predicting 30-day Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Embolism, the CLOT-5 Pilot Study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2024;30:10760296241278353. PMID: 39183532. PMCID: PMC11348478. https://doi.org/10.1177/10760296241278353van der Pol LM, Tromeur C, Bistervels IM, et al. Pregnancy-Adapted YEARS Algorithm for Diagnosis of Suspected Pulmonary Embolism. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(12):1139-1149. PMID:Муллова И.С., Черепанова Н.А., Павлова Т.В. и др. Шкала GRACE в оценке риска госпитальных исходов у пациентов с тромбоэмболией легочной артерии. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018;23(12):25-31. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2018-12-25-31https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1813865Allgöwer M, Burri C. Shock index. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1967;92(43):1947-1950.Erlikh A.D., Barbarash O.L., Berns S.A., Shmidt E.A., Duplyakov D.V. SIRENA score for in-hospital mortality risk assessment in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(4S):4231. (In Russ.). https://doi. org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4231Черепанова Н.А. Эффективность и безопасность тромболитической терапии у пациентов с тромбоэмболией легочной артерии невысокого риска [автореферат]. Самара: Самарский государственный медицинский университет; 2023.Cherepanova NA, Erlikh AD, Pavlova TV, Mullova IS, Duplyakov DV. Validation of the SIRENA score for assessing the risk of inhospital mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism in an independent sample. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2022;27(2S):4984. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2022-4984Sam A, Sánchez D, Gómez V, et al. The shock index and the simplified PESI for identification of low-risk patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Respir J. 2011;37(4):762-766. PMID: 20650994. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00070110Yaman M, Orak M, Durgun HM, et al. The prognostic value of HALP score and sPESI in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Postgrad Med J. 2024;101(1191):60-65. PMID: 39301789. https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgae124Chen X, Shao X, Zhang Y, et al. Assessment of the Bova score for risk stratification of acute normotensive pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2020;193:99-106. PMID: 32534329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.047Marginean A, Arora P, Walsh K, et al. Utilization of a Novel Scoring System in Predicting 30-day Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Embolism, the CLOT-5 Pilot Study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2024;30:10760296241278353. PMID: 39183532. PMCID: PMC11348478. https://doi.org/10.1177/10760296241278353Kochmareva EA, Kokorin VA, Gordeev IG. The new bedside ROCky score to predict the complications in patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism. Eur J Intern Med. 2018;57:58- 60. PMID: 29866478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2018.05.036Mullova IS, Cherepanova NA, Pavlova TV, et al. GRACE score in assessing the risk of hospital outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018;23(12):25– 31. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2018-12-25-31Chopard R, Piazza G, Falvo N, et al. An Original Risk Score to Predict Early Major Bleeding in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: The Syncope, Anemia, Renal Dysfunction (PE-SARD) Bleeding Score. Chest. 2021;160(5):1832-1843. PMID: 34217683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.048Allgöwer M, Burri C. Shock index. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1967;92(43):1947-1950.Chopard R, Bertoletti L, Piazza G, et al. External validation of the PE-SARD risk score for predicting early bleeding in acute pulmonary embolism in the RIETE Registry. Thromb Res. 2024;235:22-31. PMID: 38295598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2024.01.013Cherepanova NA. Effektivnost i bezopasnost tromboliticheskoi terapii u patsientov s tromboemboliei legochnoi arterii nevisokogo riska [dissertation abstract]. Samara: Samara State Medical University; 2023.Badescu MC, Ciocoiu M, Badulescu OV, et al. Prediction of bleeding events using the VTE-BLEED risk score in patients with venous thromboembolism receiving anticoagulant therapy (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2021;22(5):1344. PMID: 34630698. PMCID: PMC8495538. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10779Sam A, Sánchez D, Gómez V, et al. The shock index and the simplified PESI for identification of low-risk patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Respir J. 2011;37(4):762-766. PMID:Lecumberri R, Jiménez L, Ruiz-Artacho P, et al. Prediction of Major Bleeding in Anticoagulated Patients for Venous Thromboembolism: Comparison of the RIETE and the VTE-BLEED Scores. TH Open. 2021;5(3):e319-e328. PMID: 34568742. PMCID: PMC8459175. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1729171https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00070110Decousus H, Tapson VF, Bergmann JF, et al. Factors at admission associated with bleeding risk in medical patients: findings from the IMPROVE investigators. Chest. 2011;139(1):69-79. PMID: 20453069. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-3081Chen X, Shao X, Zhang Y, et al. Assessment of the Bova score for risk stratification of acute normotensive pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2020;193:99-106. PMID: 32534329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.047Barbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V, et al. A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8(11):2450-2457. PMID: 20738765. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04044.xKochmareva EA, Kokorin VA, Gordeev IG. The new bedside ROCky score to predict the complications in patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism. Eur J Intern Med. 2018;57:58- 60. PMID: 29866478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2018.05.036Селиверстов Е.И., Лобастов К.В., Илюхин Е.А., и др. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение тромбоза глубоких вен. Рекомендации российских экспертов. Флебология. 2023;17(3):152 296. https://doi.org/10.17116/flebo202317031152.Chopard R, Piazza G, Falvo N, et al. An Original Risk Score to Predict Early Major Bleeding in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: The Syncope, Anemia, Renal Dysfunction (PE-SARD) Bleeding Score. Chest. 2021;160(5):1832-1843. PMID: 34217683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.048Kyrle PA, Eischer L, Šinkovec H, et al. The Vienna Prediction Model for identifying patients at low risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(1):45-53. PMID: 37769352. PMCID: PMC10757868. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad618Chopard R, Bertoletti L, Piazza G, et al. External validation of the PE-SARD risk score for predicting early bleeding in acute pulmonary embolism in the RIETE Registry. Thromb Res.;235:22-31. PMID: 38295598. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.thromres.2024.01.013;235:22-31. PMID: 38295598. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.thromres.2024.01.013Badescu MC, Ciocoiu M, Badulescu OV, et al. Prediction of bleeding events using the VTE-BLEED risk score in patients with venous thromboembolism receiving anticoagulant therapy (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2021;22(5):1344. PMID: 34630698. PMCID: PMC8495538. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10779Badescu MC, Ciocoiu M, Badulescu OV, et al. Prediction of bleeding events using the VTE-BLEED risk score in patients with venous thromboembolism receiving anticoagulant therapy (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2021;22(5):1344. PMID: 34630698. PMCID: PMC8495538. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10779Lecumberri R, Jiménez L, Ruiz-Artacho P, et al. Prediction of Major Bleeding in Anticoagulated Patients for Venous Thromboembolism: Comparison of the RIETE and the VTE-BLEED Scores. TH Open. 2021;5(3):e319-e328. PMID: 34568742. PMCID: PMC8459175. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1729171Lecumberri R, Jiménez L, Ruiz-Artacho P, et al. Prediction of Major Bleeding in Anticoagulated Patients for Venous Thromboembolism: Comparison of the RIETE and the VTE-BLEED Scores. TH Open. 2021;5(3):e319-e328. PMID: 34568742. PMCID: PMC8459175. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1729171Decousus H, Tapson VF, Bergmann JF, et al. Factors at admission associated with bleeding risk in medical patients: findings from the IMPROVE investigators. Chest. 2011;139(1):69-79. PMID: 20453069. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-3081Decousus H, Tapson VF, Bergmann JF, et al. Factors at admission associated with bleeding risk in medical patients: findings from the IMPROVE investigators. Chest. 2011;139(1):69-79. PMID: 20453069. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-3081Barbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V, et al. A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8(11):2450-2457. PMID: 20738765. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04044.xBarbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V, et al. A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8(11):2450-2457. PMID: 20738765. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04044.xSeliverstov EI, Lobastov KV, Ilyukhin EA, et al. Prevention, Diagnostics and Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis. Russian Experts Consensus. Journal of Venous Disorders. 2023;17(3):152. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/flebo202317031152Seliverstov EI, Lobastov KV, Ilyukhin EA, et al. Prevention, Diagnostics and Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis. Russian Experts Consensus. Journal of Venous Disorders. 2023;17(3):152. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/flebo202317031152Kyrle PA, Eischer L, Šinkovec H, et al. The Vienna Prediction Model for identifying patients at low risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(1):45-53. PMID: 37769352. PMCID: PMC10757868. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad618Kyrle PA, Eischer L, Šinkovec H, et al. The Vienna Prediction Model for identifying patients at low risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(1):45-53. PMID: 37769352. PMCID: PMC10757868. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad618

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.