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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inovmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Инновационная медицина Кубани</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innovative Medicine of Kuban</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9897</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35401/2541-9897-2026-11-2-117-123</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inovmed-1538</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этиопатогенез интерстициального цистита: современный взгляд на проблему</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Etiopathogenesis of Interstitial Cystitis: A Modern Perspective</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3291-1342</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоменко</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomenko</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фоменко Юлиан Ангелович - аспирант кафедры урологии, Кубанский государственный медицинский университет; врач-уролог урологического отделения № 2, НИИ – ККБ № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского.</p><p>350063, Краснодар, уд. М. Седина, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulian A. Fomenko - Postgraduate Student, Urology Department, Kuban SMU; Urologist, Urology Unit No. 2, Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky RCH No. 1.</p><p>4 Mitrofana Sedina St., Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fomengio@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-2578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведев</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedev</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медведев Владимир Леонидович - д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой урологии, Кубанский государственный медицинский университет; заместитель главного врача по урологии, руководитель краевого уронефрологического центра, НИИ – ККБ № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского.</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir L. Medvedev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Urology, Kuban State Medical University; Deputy Chief Physician for Urology, Head of the Regional Uronephrolgy.</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-1496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепетунов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepetunov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лепетунов Сергей Николаевич - к. м. н., ассистент кафедры урологии, Кубанский государственный медицинский университет; врач-уролог урологического отделения № 2, НИИ – ККБ № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского.</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Lepetunov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, Kuban SMU; Urologist, Urology Unit No. 2, Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky RCH No. 1.</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный медицинский университет; Научно-исследовательский институт – Краевая клиническая больница № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University; Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фоменко Ю.А., Медведев В.Л., Лепетунов С.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фоменко Ю.А., Медведев В.Л., Лепетунов С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fomenko Y.A., Medvedev V.L., Lepetunov S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1538">https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/1538</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность: Важность данного исследования обусловлена отсутствием единой патогенетической концепции и обилием противоречивых данных о природе синдрома болезненного мочевого пузыря/интерстициального цистита, что значительно затрудняет подбор терапии для данной группы пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: Проанализировать и систематизировать актуальные данные о ключевых патогенетических механизмах развития синдрома болезненного мочевого пузыря/интерстициального цистита для формирования целостного понимания заболевания, что является основой для будущей разработки таргетных терапевтических стратегий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: Выполнен поиск и анализ научной литературы с использованием баз данных PubMed, Cochrane Library, Elibrary. Для обзора отобрано более 40 источников.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: Синдром болезненного мочевого пузыря/интерстициального цистита представляет собой гетерогенное заболевание со сложным, многофакторным патогенезом, в котором ключевую роль играют взаимосвязанные механизмы: повреждение уротелиального барьера, хроническое (и нейрогенное) воспаление, аутоиммунный ответ, окислительный стресс, гипоксия детрузора и дисбиоз мочевой микробиоты. Многочисленные исследования демонстрируют, что ни один из этих механизмов в отдельности не объясняет сложную клиническую картину заболевания. Это обосновывает необходимость отказа от монотерапии в пользу комплексного лечебного подхода, одновременно направленного на восстановление барьерной функции уротелия, подавление хронического воспаления, улучшение кровоснабжения детрузора и подслизистого слоя уротелия, купирование нейрогенной боли и коррекцию сопутствующих системных нарушений. Перспективы лечения связаны с разработкой прецизионных методов, воздействующих на конкретные выявленные у пациента патогенетические звенья.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance: The importance of this study is determined by the absence of a unified pathogenetic concept and the abundance of conflicting data regarding the nature of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis, which significantly complicates the selection of therapy for this patient population.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To analyze and systematize current data on the key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis in order to establish a comprehensive understanding of the disease, which forms the basis for the future development of targeted therapeutic strategies.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: A search and analysis of the scientific literature was performed using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Elibrary. More than 40 references were selected for the review.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis is a heterogeneous disorder with a complex, multifactorial pathogenesis, in which the following interrelated mechanisms play a key role: urothelial barrier damage, chronic (including neurogenic) inflammation, autoimmune responses, oxidative stress, detrusor hypoxia, and urinary microbiota dysbiosis. Numerous studies indicate that none of these mechanisms alone can fully explain the complex clinical presentation of the disease. This underscores the need to move away from monotherapy in favor of a comprehensive treatment approach simultaneously aimed at restoring urothelial barrier function, suppressing chronic inflammation, improving blood supply to the detrusor and submucosal layers of the urothelium, alleviating neurogenic pain, and correcting associated systemic disturbances. Future therapeutic prospects are associated with the development of precision methods targeting the specific pathogenetic mechanisms identified in individual patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>этиопатогенез интерстициального цистита</kwd><kwd>синдром болезненного мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>уротелиальный барьер</kwd><kwd>гликозаминогликановый слой</kwd><kwd>нейрогенное воспаление</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунный цистит</kwd><kwd>микробиота мочевого пузыря</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>etiopathogenesis of interstitial cystitis</kwd><kwd>bladder pain syndrome</kwd><kwd>urothelial barrier</kwd><kwd>glycosaminoglycan layer</kwd><kwd>neurogenic inflammation</kwd><kwd>autoimmune cystitis</kwd><kwd>urinary bladder microbiota</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elmer W. Lectures Notes. College of physician’s archives. 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