inovmedИнновационная медицина КубаниInnovative Medicine of Kuban2541-9897Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 110.35401/2500-0268-2019-14-2-76-83inovmed-199Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSДлинные некодирующие РНК как новейшие перспективные биомаркеры при ракеLong non-coding RNA as the newest perspective biomarkers in cancerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5460БейлерлиО. А.BeylerliO. A.

Бейлерли Озал Арзуман Оглы – аспирант кафедры урологии с курсом ИДПО

450008, Республика Башкортостан, Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3

Beylerli Ozal Arzuman Ogly – postgraduate student of urology department with ICPE course

450008, Republic Bashkortostan, Ufa, 3, Lenina str.

obeylerli@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-6246БейлерлиА. Т.BeylerliA. T.

Бейлерли Аферин Таги Кызы – клинический ординатор 2-го года обучения на кафедре акушерства и гинекологии № 1

450008, Республика Башкортостан, Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3

Beyrerli Aferin Tagi Kyzy – resident of the 2nd course, obstetrics and gynaecology department no. 1

450008, Republic Bashkortostan, Ufa, 3, Lenina str.

agamidli@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0835ГареевИ. Ф.GareevI. F.

Гареев Ильгиз Фанилевич – аспирант кафедры нейрохирургии и медицинской реабилитации с курсом ИДПО

450008, Республика Башкортостан, Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3

Gareev Ilgiz Fanilevich – postgraduate student, department of neurosurgery and medical rehabilitation with ICPE course

450008, Republic Bashkortostan, Ufa, 3, Lenina str.

ilgiz_gareev@mail.ruБашкирский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения РФРоссияBashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation201930062019027683Copyright © Бейлерли О.А., Бейлерли А.Т., Гареев И.Ф., 20192019Бейлерли О.А., Бейлерли А.Т., Гареев И.Ф.Beylerli O.A., Beylerli A.T., Gareev I.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/199

Длинные некодирующие РНК (lncRNAs) являются большой группой некодирующих РНК (ncRNAs) длиной более 200 нуклеотидов. LncRNAs, как факторы регуляции,играют важную роль в сложных клеточных процессах, таких как апоптоз, рост, дифференцировка, пролиферация и т. д. В последнее время результаты многих исследований показали также их существенную роль в канцерогенезе. Эндогенные lncRNAs могут секретироваться опухолевыми клетками в биологические жидкости человека в виде микровезикул, экзосом или белковых комплексов, образуя тем самым циркулирующие lncRNAs, которые не деградируют под воздействием РНК и находятся в стабильном состоянии. По сравнению с традиционными биомаркерами, как белки, циркулирующие lncRNAs имеют ряд преимуществ, которые позволят их рассмотреть в качестве новых потенциальных биомаркеров при различных заболеваниях. Была замечена аберрантная экспрессия lncRNAs у больных раком. В этом контексте эндогенные lncRNAs могут регулировать основные характеристики раковых клеток, контролируя экспрессию онкогенов, связанных с их супрессивными и онкогенными функциями. Следовательно, циркулирующие lncRNAs могут быть отличными биомаркерами и при раковых заболеваниях. Знания молекулярных механизмов, с помощью которых lncRNAs способствуют развитию рака, улучшат наше понимание в этиологии и откроют горизонты для разработки новых биомаркеров. В данной работе рассмотрены текущие знания об изменении профиля экспрессии циркулирующих lncRNAs при раке, а также методы их обнаружения.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large group of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which are more than 200 nucleotides in length. LncRNAs, as regulation factors, show an important role in complex cellular processes, such as apoptosis, growth, differentiation, proliferation, etc. Recently, the results of many studies have also shown their significant role in carcinogenesis. Endogenous lncRNAs are known to be secreted by tumor cells in human biological fluids in the form of microvesicles, exosomes, or protein complexes, thereby forming circulating lncRNAs that do not degrade under the influence of RNases and are in a stable state. Compared with traditional biomarkers, as proteins circulating lncRNA have several advantages that will allow to consider circulating  lncRNA as a new potential  biomarker for various diseases. Aberrant expression of lncRNAs was observed in cancer patients. In this context, endogenous lncRNAs can regulate the main characteristics  of cancer cells, controlling the expression of oncogenes associated with their suppressive and oncogenic functions. Consequently, circulating lncRNAs can be excellent biomarkers for cancer. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to the development of cancer will improve our understanding of etiology, and open up horizons for the development of new biomarkers. In this paper, we will analyze current knowledge about the change in the expression profile of circulating lncRNAs in cancer, as well as methods for their detection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.