<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">inovmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Инновационная медицина Кубани</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innovative Medicine of Kuban</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9897</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35401/2500-0268-2021-23-3-31-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">inovmed-440</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стабилизация позвоночника у больных с переломами грудных и поясничных позвонков при пониженной минеральной плотности костной ткани</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spine stabilization in patients with the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae fractures in reduced bone mineral density</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-860X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афаунов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afaunov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афаунов Аскер Алиевич, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой ортопедии, травматологии и военно-полевой хирургии</p><p>350063, Краснодар, ул. М. Седина, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Asker A. Afaunov, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Military Field Surgery</p><p>4, M. Sedina str., Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afaunovkr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3549-0794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басанкин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basankin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Басанкин Игорь Вадимович, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий нейрохирургическим отделением № 3</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Basankin, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Neurosurgery Department no. 3</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-2709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тахмазян</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Takhmazyan</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тахмазян Карапет Карапетович, врач-нейрохирург, нейрохирургическое отделение № 3</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karapet K. Takhmazyan, Neurosurgeon, Neurosurgery Department no. 3</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-6014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муханов</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhanov</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муханов Михаил Львович, ассистент кафедры ортопедии, травматологии и военно-полевой хирургии</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail L. Mukhanov, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Military Field Surgery</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-6653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чайкин</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaikin</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чайкин Никита Сергеевич, врач-нейрохирург, отделение нейрохирургии</p><p>Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita S. Chaikin, Neurosurgeon, Neurosurgery Department</p><p>Stavropol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт – Краевая клиническая больница № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital no. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ставропольская краевая клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Афаунов А.А., Басанкин И.В., Тахмазян К.К., Муханов М.Л., Чайкин Н.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Афаунов А.А., Басанкин И.В., Тахмазян К.К., Муханов М.Л., Чайкин Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Afaunov A.A., Basankin I.V., Takhmazyan K.K., Mukhanov M.L., Chaikin N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/440">https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/440</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования Сравнительный анализ клинической эффективности различных технических и тактических вариантов хирургического лечения пациентов с повреждениями позвонков грудного и поясничного отделов позвоночника при сниженной минеральной плотности костной ткани.</p><p>Материал и методы 238 больных с переломами позвонков грудного и поясничного отделов на фоне сниженной минеральной плотности костной ткани (МПКТ). Возраст пациентов – от 48 до 85 лет. Повреждения позвоночника типа А1.2, А1.3 , В1.2, В2.3 по F. Magerl (1992). T-критерий от –1.5 до –3,5. Всем больным выполнена бисегментарная транспедикулярная фиксация (ТПФ). В группу 1 вошли 68 человек, которым проводили ТПФ без цементного укрепления винтов. В группу 2 – 170 больных, которым осуществляли ТПФ винтами, укрепленными цементной мантией. Обе группы были разделены на 2 подгруппы. Подгруппы 1.1 и 2.1 включали пациентов, оперированных в два этапа. Первым этапом – ТПФ. Вторым этапом – передний корпородез. В подгруппы 1.2 и 2.2 вошли больные, которым выполнили только ТПФ. Изучены результаты и осложнения по клиническим и спондилометрическим критериям. Период наблюдения составлял не менее 2-х лет. На указанном клиническом материале проведен корреляционный анализ между техникой выполнения операций и хирургической тактикой в четырех выделенных подгруппах, с одной стороны, и результатами лечения – с другой.</p><p>Выводы При лечении больных с переломами в грудном или поясничном отделах позвоночника при сниженной МПКТ изолированная ТПФ с цементной имплантацией винтов по клинической эффективности равноценна двухэтапному хирургическому лечению – ТПФ с бесцементной или цементной имплантацией и переднему корпородезу травмированных ПДС. При бесцементной ТПФ у пациентов со сниженной МПКТ передний корпородез травмированных ПДС необходим, так как его невыполнение ведет к потере достигнутой на операции коррекции анатомических взаимоотношений, увеличению локального кифоза и функциональной дезадаптации больных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of various technical and tactical options for surgical treatment of patients with thoracic and lumbar vertebrae fractures with reduced bone mineral density.</p><p>Material and Methods The study included 238 patients with the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae fractures with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). The patients were aged between 48 and 85 with T-score –1.5 to –3.5. The study did not include the patients with recurrent or multiple vertebral fractures, with absence of the clear date and fact of fracture in the case history, with neurological complications or polytrauma. The patients had fractures А1.2, А1.3, В1.2, В2.3 according to the classification of Magerl (1992). All patients underwent bisegmental transpedicular fixation (TPF). Group 1 included 68 patients who underwent non-cement augmented transpedicular screw fixation. Group 2 included 170 patients who underwent cement augmented transpedicular fixation. Both groups were divided into 2 subgroups. Subgroups 1.1 and 2.1 included patients operated in two stages. The first stage was TPF and the second stage was anterior corporodesis. Subgroups 1.2 и 2.2 included patients who underwent only TPF. Outcomes and complications were studied. The observation period lasted for not less than 2 years. Correlation analysis was performed between the technique of performing operations and surgical tactics in four subgroups and treatment outcomes.</p><p>Conclusion 1. In the treatment of patients with fractures in the thoracic or lumbar spine with reduced BMD, isolated TPF with cemented screw implantation is clinically equivalent to two-stage surgical treatment - TPF with cementless or cemented implantation and anterior corprodesis of injured FPS. 2. In cementless TPF in patients with decreased BMD, anterior corprodesis of the injured VMS is necessary because its failure leads to the loss of anatomical relationship correction achieved during surgery, increase in local kyphosis, and functional maladaptation of patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>позвоночник</kwd><kwd>травма</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>транспедикулярная фиксация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spine</kwd><kwd>trauma</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>transpedicular fixation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельниченко Г.А., Белая Ж.Е., Рожинская Л.Я., и др. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике остеопороза. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2017;63(6):392–426. https://doi.org/10.14341/probl2017636392-426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mel'nichenko G.A., Belaya Zh.E., Rozhinskaya L.Ya., et al. Russian federal clinical guidelines on the diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of osteoporosis. Problems of Endocrinology. 2017;63(6):392–426. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14341/probl2017636392-426</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лесняк О.М. Международные научные проекты в области остеопороза: общие усилия, одна цель. Российский семейный врач. 2016;20(2):43–46. https://doi.org/10.17816/RFD2016243-46</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesnyak O.M. International research projects in the osteoporosis: common efforts, one goal. Russian Family Doctor. 2016;20(2):43–46. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17816/RFD2016243-46</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schousboe J.T. Epidemiology of Vertebral Fractures. J Clin Densitom. 2016;19(1):8–22. PMID: 26349789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2015.08.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schousboe J.T. Epidemiology of Vertebral Fractures. J Clin Densitom. 2016;19(1):8–22. PMID: 26349789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2015.08.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dreimann M, HempfingA, Stangenberg M, et al. Posterior vertebral column resection with 360-degree osteosynthesis in osteoporotic kyphotic deformity and spinal cord compression. Neurosurg Rev. 2018;41:221–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-017-0840-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dreimann M, HempfingA, Stangenberg M, et al. Posterior vertebral column resection with 360-degree osteosynthesis in osteoporotic kyphotic deformity and spinal cord compression. Neurosurg Rev. 2018;41:221–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-017-0840-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iqbal MM. Osteoporosis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. South Med J. 2000;93(1):2–18. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200093010-00002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iqbal MM. Osteoporosis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. South Med J. 2000;93(1):2–18. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200093010-00002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афаунов А.А., Басанкин И.В., Мишагин А.В., и др. Ревизионные операции в хирургическом лечении повреждений грудного и поясничного отделов позвоночника. Хирургия позвоночника. 2015;12(4):8–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afaunov A.A., Basankin I.V., Mishagin A.V., et al. Revision surgery in the surgical treatment of injuries thoracic and lumbar spine. Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika (Spine surgery). 2015;12(4):8–16. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рахматиллаев Ш.Н., Рерих В.В., Садовой М.А. Особенности лечения переломов тел позвонков на фоне остеопороза. Хирургия позвоночника. 2006;(2):043–047. https://doi.org/10.14531/ss2006.2.43-47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakhmatillaev S.N., Rerikh V.V., Sadovoy M.A. Treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika (Spine Surgery). 2006;(2):043–047. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14531/ss2006.2.43-47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Басанкин И.В., Тахмазян К.К., Афаунов А.А., и др. Способ профилактики переломов смежных позвонков при транспедикулярной фиксации на фоне остеопороза. Хирургия позвоночника. 2016;13(3):8–14. https://doi.org/10.14531/ss2016.3.8-14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basankin I.V., Takhmazyan K.K., Afaunov A.A., et al. Method for preventing for preventing fractures of adjasent vertebrae during transpedicular fixation in osteoporosis. Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika (Spine Surgery). 2016;13(3):8–14 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14531/ss2016.3.8-14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яриков А.В., Денисов А.А., Масевнин С.В., и др. Остеопороз в практике вертебролога. Врач. 2020;31(3):11–18. https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2020-03-02</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.V. Yarikov, A.A. Denisov, S.V. Masevnin, et al. Osteoporosis in the practice of a vertebrologist. Doctor. 2020;31(3):11–18 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2020-03-02</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рерих В.В., Аветисян А.Р., Аникин К.А. Пластика тел позвонков и транспедикулярная фиксация при лечении переломов грудных и поясничных позвонков. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2018;6. URL: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=28418</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roerich V.V., Avetisyan A.R., Anikin K.A. Vertebroplasty and transpedicular fixation in the treatment of fractures of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae // Modern problems of science and education. 2018; 6 (In Russ.). URL: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=28418</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афаунов А.А., Басанкин И.В., Тахмазян К.К. Анализ результатов применения транспедикулярной фиксации с цементной имплантацией винтов при лечении повреждений грудного и поясничного отделов позвоночника на фоне остеопороза. Материалы IV съезда Межрегиональной общественной организации «Ассоциация хирургов-вертебрологов» с международным участием (Электронный ресурс). 2013;10–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afaunov A.A., Basankin I.V., Takhmazyan K.K. Analysis of the results of the use of transpedicular fixation with cement augmentation in the treatment of injuries of the thoracic and lumbar spine against the background of osteoporosis. Materials of the IV Congress of the Interregional Public Organization 'Association of Vertebrological Surgeons' with international participation (Electronic resource). 2013;10–16. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCormack T, Karaikovic E, Gaines RW. The Load Sharing Classification of Spine Fractures. Spine. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). 1994;19(15):1741–1744. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199408000-00014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCormack T, Karaikovic E, Gaines RW. The Load Sharing Classification of Spine Fractures. Spine. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). 1994;19(15):1741–1744. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199408000-00014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avanzi O, Landim E, Meves R, et al. Thoracolumbar burst fracture: load sharing classification and posterior instrumentation failure. RevistaBrasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition). Georg Thieme Verlag KG. 2010;45(3):236–40. http://doi.org/10.1016/s2255-4971(15)30363-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avanzi O, Landim E, Meves R, et al. Thoracolumbar burst fracture: load sharing classification and posterior instrumentation failure. RevistaBrasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition). Georg Thieme Verlag KG. 2010;45(3):236–40. http://doi.org/10.1016/s2255-4971(15)30363-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stam WT, Deunk J, Elzinga MJ, et al. The Predictive Value of the Load Sharing Classification Concerning Sagittal Collapse and Posterior Instrumentation Failure: A Systematic Literature Review. Global Spine Journal. 2020;10(4):486–92. http://doi.org/10.1177/2192568219856581</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stam WT, Deunk J, Elzinga MJ, et al. The Predictive Value of the Load Sharing Classification Concerning Sagittal Collapse and Posterior Instrumentation Failure: A Systematic Literature Review. Global Spine Journal. 2020;10(4):486–92. http://doi.org/10.1177/2192568219856581</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu M-Y, Tsai T-T, Lai P-L, Hsieh M-K, Chen L-H, Tai C-L (2020) Biomechanical comparison of pedicle screw fixation strength in synthetic bones: Effects of screw shape, core/thread profile and cement augmentation. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(2):e0229328. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229328</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu M-Y, Tsai T-T, Lai P-L, Hsieh M-K, Chen L-H, Tai C-L (2020) Biomechanical comparison of pedicle screw fixation strength in synthetic bones: Effects of screw shape, core/thread profile and cement augmentation. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(2):e0229328. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229328</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahyussalim AJ, Kurniawati T, Besri NN, et al. Osteoporotic pedicle screw: Review of various types of pedicle screw and cement augmentation. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2019;2193:020003. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139323</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahyussalim AJ, Kurniawati T, Besri NN, et al. Osteoporotic pedicle screw: Review of various types of pedicle screw and cement augmentation. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2019;2193:020003. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139323</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rometsch E, Spruit M, Zigler JE, et al. Screw-Related Complications After Instrumentation of the Osteoporotic Spine: A Systematic Literature Review With Meta-Analysis. Global Spine Journal. 2020;10(1):69–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/2192568218818164</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rometsch E, Spruit M, Zigler JE, et al. Screw-Related Complications After Instrumentation of the Osteoporotic Spine: A Systematic Literature Review With Meta-Analysis. Global Spine Journal. 2020;10(1):69–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/2192568218818164</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim JH, Ahn DK, Shin WS, et al. Clinical Effects and Complications of Pedicle Screw Augmentation with Bone Cement: Comparison of Fenestrated Screw Augmentation and Vertebroplasty Augmentation. Clin Orthop Surg. 2020;12(2):194– 199. https://doi.org/10.4055/cios19127</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim JH, Ahn DK, Shin WS, et al. Clinical Effects and Complications of Pedicle Screw Augmentation with Bone Cement: Comparison of Fenestrated Screw Augmentation and Vertebroplasty Augmentation. Clin Orthop Surg. 2020;12(2):194– 199. https://doi.org/10.4055/cios19127</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riesner HJ, Blattert TR, Krezdorn R, et al. Can cavitybased pedicle screw augmentation decrease screw loosening? A biomechanical in vitro study. Eur Spine J. 2020;30(8):2283–2291. PMID: 33355707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-020-06676-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riesner HJ, Blattert TR, Krezdorn R, et al. Can cavitybased pedicle screw augmentation decrease screw loosening? A biomechanical in vitro study. Eur Spine J. 2020;30(8):2283–2291. PMID: 33355707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-020-06676-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seo JH, Ju CI, Kim SW, et al. Clinical efficacy of bone cement augmented screw fixation for the severe osteoporotic spine. Korean J Spine. 2012;9(2):79–84. PMID: 25983793. PMCID: PMC4432365. https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2012.9.2.79</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seo JH, Ju CI, Kim SW, et al. Clinical efficacy of bone cement augmented screw fixation for the severe osteoporotic spine. Korean J Spine. 2012;9(2):79–84. PMID: 25983793. PMCID: PMC4432365. https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2012.9.2.79</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
