inovmedИнновационная медицина КубаниInnovative Medicine of Kuban2541-9897Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 110.35401/2500-0268-2021-23-3-57-63inovmed-444Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЖидкостная биопсия: современное состояние проблемыLiquid biopsy: the current state of the issuehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-4618ПасечниковаЕ. А.PasechnikovaE. A.

Пасечникова Елизавета Александровна, аспирант кафедры онкологии с курсом торакальной хирургии ФПК и ППС

350063, Краснодар, ул. Седина, 4

Elizaveta A. Pasechnikova, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Oncology with a Course of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Specialists

4, M. Sedina str, Krasnodar, 350063

pasechnikovali@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-9558БодняВ. Н.BodnyaV. N.

Бодня Вадим Николаевич, доктор медицинских наук, врач-онколог, НИИ – ККБ № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского, доцент кафедры онкологии с курсом торакальной хирургии ФПК и ППС, Кубанский государственный медицинский университет

Краснодар

Vadim N. Bodnya, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Oncologist, Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Hospital no. 1, Associate Professor of the Department of Oncology with a Course of Thoracic Surgery, Kuban State Medical University

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-2992ШаровC. В.SharovS. V.

Шаров Сергей Викторович, кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по лекарственному обеспечению

Краснодар

Sergey V. Sharov, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Pharmaceutical Provision

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-5525КадомцевД. В.KadomtsevD. V.

Кадомцев Дмитрий Вадимович, врач-онколог

Краснодар

Dmitry V. Kadomtsev, Oncologist

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-047XГеоргиеваА. Ю.GeorgievaA. Y.

Георгиева Анастасия Юрьевна, аспирант кафедры онкологии с курсом торакальной хирургии ФПК и ППС

Краснодар

Anastasiya Y. Georgieva, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Oncology with a Course of Thoracic Surgery

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0698-7710СтуканьА. И.StukanA. I.

Стукань Анастасия Игоревна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-онколог

Краснодар

Anastasiya I. Stukan, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Oncologist

Krasnodar

Кубанский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKuban State Medical UniversityRussian FederationКубанский государственный медицинский университет; Научно-исследовательский институт – Краевая клиническая больница № 1 им. проф. С.В. ОчаповскогоРоссияKuban State Medical University; Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Hospital no. 1Russian FederationКлинический онкологический диспансер № 1РоссияClinical Oncology Dispensary no. 1Russian Federation202130092021035763Copyright © Пасечникова Е.А., Бодня В.Н., Шаров C.В., Кадомцев Д.В., Георгиева А.Ю., Стукань А.И., 20212021Пасечникова Е.А., Бодня В.Н., Шаров C.В., Кадомцев Д.В., Георгиева А.Ю., Стукань А.И.Pasechnikova E.A., Bodnya V.N., Sharov S.V., Kadomtsev D.V., Georgieva A.Y., Stukan A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/444

Актуальность Жидкостная биопсия (ЖБ) является перспективным методом диагностики злокачественных новообразований. Она позволяет определить уровень свободно циркулирующих опухолевых клеток – микрометастазов, опухолевой ДНК, микроРНК и экзосом в плазме крови, а также выявить различные генетические изменения. В рамках данной работы проведен литературный обзор актуальных научных публикаций, посвященных методике жидкостной биопсии, индексированных в PubMed.

Цель Оценка эффективности и особенностей проведения данной методики, в сравнении со стандартными методами морфологической верификации онкологических заболеваний, а также целесообразность ее применения в клинической практике. По сравнению с тканевой биопсией, ЖБ имеет следующие преимущества: простоту и скорость исследования, легкую повторяемость и малоинвазивность, возможность динамического мониторинга прогрессирования – общей клональной трансформации опухоли, а также появления резистентности к лечению. К недостаткам данного метода относят низкую чувствительность, сложность правильной интерпретации биомаркеров и определения их специфичности, высокий риск ложноположительных и ложноотрицательных результатов из-за присутствия дормантных опухолевых клеток.

Заключение На данный момент в рамках клинической практики анализ с применением метода жидкостной биопсии нуждается в стандартизации и непрерывной апробации.

Background Liquid biopsy is a promising method of diagnosing malignant tumors. It allows determining the level of free circulating tumor cells – micrometastases, tumor DNA, microRNA and exosomes in blood plasma, as well as detecting various genetic changes. This work included a literature review of current scientific publications on liquid biopsy techniques indexed in PubMed.

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and peculiarities of this technique in comparison with standard methods of morphological verification of oncological diseases, as well as the feasibility of its use in clinical practice. Compared to tissue biopsy LB has the following advantages: simplicity and speed of examination, easy repeatability and low invasiveness, possibility of dynamic monitoring of tumor progression – general clonal transformation as well as the appearance of resistance to treatment. The disadvantages of this method include low sensitivity, difficulty in proper interpretation of biomarkers and determination of their specificity, high risk of false positive and false negative results due to the presence of dormant tumor cells.

Conclusion Currently, liquid biopsy analysis in clinical practice requires standardization and continuous validation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.