inovmedИнновационная медицина КубаниInnovative Medicine of Kuban2541-9897Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 110.35401/2541-9897-2022-25-2-85-92inovmed-543Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПатогенетические особенности эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода при онкологических заболеванияхThe epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer: pathogenetic featureshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-4618ПасечниковаЕ. А.PasechnikovaE. A.

Пасечникова Елизавета Александровна, аспирант кафедры онкологии с курсом торакальной хирургии ФПК и ППС

350063, Краснодар, ул. Седина, 4

Elizaveta A. Pasechnikova, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Oncology with a Course of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Specialists

4, Sedina str., Krasnodar, 350063

pasechnikovali@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-9558БодняВ. Н.BodnyaV. N.

Бодня Вадим Николаевич, д. м. н., врач‑онколог; доцент кафедры онкологии с курсом торакальной хирургии ФПК и ППС

Краснодар

Vadim N. Bodnya, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Oncologist; Associate Professor of the Department of Oncology with a Course of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Specialists

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-5525КадомцевД. В.KadomtsevD. V.

Кадомцев Дмитрий Вадимович, врач‑онколог

Краснодар

Dmitry V. Kadomtsev, Oncologist

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-047XГеоргиеваА. Ю.GeorgievaA. Yu.

Георгиева Анастасия Юрьевна, аспирант кафедры онкологии с курсом торакальной хирургии ФПК и ППС

Краснодар

Anastasiya Yu. Georgieva, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Oncology with a Course of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Specialists

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-1395ПорхановВ. А.PorhanovV. A.

Порханов Владимир Алексеевич, академик РАН, д. м. н., профессор, главный врач; заведующий кафедрой онкологии с курсом торакальной хирургии ФПК и ППС

Краснодар

Vladimir A. Porhanov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Doctor; Head of the Department of Oncology with a Course of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Specialists

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-8767ШевчукД. Д.ShevchukD. D.

Шевчук Даниил Дмитриевич, студент 5‑го курса, лечебный факультет

Краснодар

Daniil D. Shevchuk, 5th year student

Krasnodar

Кубанский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKuban State Medical UniversityRussian FederationКубанский государственный медицинский университет; Научно-исследовательский институт – Краевая клиническая больница № 1 им. проф. С.В. ОчаповскогоРоссияKuban State Medical University; Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital no. 1Russian FederationКлинический онкологический диспансер № 1РоссияClinical Oncology Dispensary no. 1Russian Federation202230062022028592Copyright © Пасечникова Е.А., Бодня В.Н., Кадомцев Д.В., Георгиева А.Ю., Порханов В.А., Шевчук Д.Д., 20222022Пасечникова Е.А., Бодня В.Н., Кадомцев Д.В., Георгиева А.Ю., Порханов В.А., Шевчук Д.Д.Pasechnikova E.A., Bodnya V.N., Kadomtsev D.V., Georgieva A.Y., Porhanov V.A., Shevchuk D.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.innovmedkub.ru/jour/article/view/543

Эпителиально‑мезенхимальный переход (ЭМП) – это клеточно‑биологический механизм, происходящий в широком диапазоне тканей под воздействием белков‑маркеров (E‑кадгерина, виментина, SNAIL, TWIST, SLUG, ZEB1, EMT‑TF), опухолевого микроокружения и генетических особенностей; представляет собой многоступенчатое развитие и преобразование клеток эпителиального фенотипа в клетки, приобретающие мезенхимальные черты разной степени выраженности. Данные квазимезенхимальные клетки характеризуются такими свойствами, как стволовость, опухолевая гетерогенность, повышенная инвазивность, лекарственная устойчивость и склонность к отдаленному метастазированию, что способствует пролиферации неопластических клеток, опухолевой диссеминации и инициации метастазирования. Это в свою очередь индуцирует возникновение резистентности к медикаментозной терапии и рецидива онкологических заболеваний.

В рамках данной работы проведен литературный обзор актуальных, индексированных в PubMed научных публикаций, посвященных феномену ЭМП. Целью исследования являлась оценка биохимических и молекулярных патогенетических механизмов ЭМП и влияние его маркеров на прогрессирование неопластических процессов и эффективность проводимого лечения.

На данный момент еще не составлена единая схема ЭМП, которая объединяла бы все молекулярные преобразования клеток с квазимезенхимальным фенотипом, однако анализируя особенности данной клеточной программы, можно выявить методы терапии, нацеленные на подавление пластичности раковых клеток, предотвращение индукции ЭМП путем блокирования контекстных сигналов и индукцию мезенхимально‑эпителиальный переход на определенных этапах развития опухоли, что позволит уменьшить риск опухолевой диссеминации и повысить эффективность лечения онкологических заболеваний.

The epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular biological process, that occurs in a wide range of cells and tissues and is triggered by complex regulatory networks involving transcriptional control with SNAIL, ZEB1, ZEB2, Twist, SLUG, E‑cadherin, vimentin, tumor microenvironment and genetic characteristics. EMT is represented by the multi‑stage development and transformation of cells of the epithelial phenotype into cells that acquire mesenchymal features of various severity. These quasi‑mesenchymal cells are characterized by stemness, tumor heterogeneity, increasing invasiveness, drug resistance and a tendency to distant metastasis, which leads to the proliferation of neoplastic cells, tumor dissemination and initiation of metastasis, which induces the therapy resistance and the oncological recurrence.

This review is based on the latest scientific publications about the EMT phenomenon, indexed in PubMed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the biochemical and molecular pathogenetic mechanisms of EMT and the effect of EMT markers on the progression of neoplastic processes and the effectiveness of the treatment.

 Nowadays the proper EMT scheme that combines all the molecular transformations of sells with quasi‑mesenchymal phenotype doesn’t exist. But analyzing the features of this cellular program, we can find the proper therapy, that could be able to suppress the plasticity of cancer cells, prevent EMT induction by blocking contextual signals, and induce mesenchymal‑epithelial transition. All these aspects will lead to the reduction of the risk of tumor dissemination and the increase of the effectiveness of cancer treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.