Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Review of a Pathogenesis through the Prism of Insulin Resistance
A. A. Avagimyan,
A. I. Trofimenko,
Z. T. Djndoyan,
S. M. Karsian,
V. Sivaraman,
L. R. Mirzoyan,
E. M. Aghajanova,
O. I. Urazova,
L. V. Kakturskiy,
N. V. Pogosova https://doi.org/10.35401/2541-9897-2026-11-2-93-100
Abstract
This article presents a review of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome – a multifactorial condition in which cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic disorders mutually aggravate each other. Insulin resistance serves as the central link of the syndrome, leading to compensatory hyperinsulinemia. The latter activates the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, promoting sodium retention, endothelial dysfunction, arterial hypertension, and atherosclerosis. In the kidneys, hyperglycemia triggers PKC and JAK-STAT/NF-κB signaling pathways as well as the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), resulting in inflammation, fibrosis, and progression of diabetic nephropathy.
About the Authors
A. A. Avagimyan
Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi
Armenia
Armenia
Ashot A. Avagimyan - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor at the Department of Internal Diseases Propaedeutics.
2a Koryun St., Yerevan, 0025
A. I. Trofimenko
Kuban State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Artem I. Trofimenko - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Pathological Physiology Department.
Krasnodar
Z. T. Djndoyan
Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi
Armenia
Armenia
Zinaida T. Djndoyan - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Department of Internal Diseases Propaedeutics.
Yerevan
S. M. Karsian
Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi
Armenia
Armenia
Sergei M. Karsian - 3rd year Student, Faculty of General Medicine.
Yerevan
V. Sivaraman
Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi
Armenia
Armenia
Vigneswaran Sivaraman - 3rd year Student, Faculty of General Medicine.
Yerevan
L. R. Mirzoyan
Derzhavin Tambov State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Lilia R. Mirzoyan - Postgraduate Student, Department of Public Health and Healthcare.
Tambov
E. M. Aghajanova
Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi
Armenia
Armenia
Elena M. Aghajanova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Endocrinology Department.
Yerevan
O. I. Urazova
Siberian State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Olga I. Urazova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Pathophysiology Department.
Tomsk
L. V. Kakturskiy
Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Lev V. Kakturskiy -- Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Director of Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology.
Moscow
N. V. Pogosova
Centre of Cardiology after academician E. Chazov; Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nana V. Pogosova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy General Director for Science and Preventive Cardiology, NMRCC after academician E. Chazov, Head of the Department of Evidence Based Medicine, Patrice Lumumba PFUR.
Moscow
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For citations:
Avagimyan A.A., Trofimenko A.I., Djndoyan Z.T., Karsian S.M., Sivaraman V., Mirzoyan L.R., Aghajanova E.M., Urazova O.I., Kakturskiy L.V., Pogosova N.V. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Review of a Pathogenesis through the Prism of Insulin Resistance. Innovative Medicine of Kuban. 2026;11(2):93-100. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.35401/2541-9897-2026-11-2-93-100
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