Биохимические аспекты остеорепаративных эффектов магния

Существующий научный и практический интерес к имплантам на основе магния (Mg2+) в значительной степени связан с его биоразлагаемостью и способностью улучшать заживление и формирование костей. Однако основной механизм того как магний регулирует остеогенез до сих пор неясен.

В обзоре рассмотрены клеточные и молекулярные механизмы, лежащие в основе влияния ионов магния на рост новой кости при имплантации устройств на основе этого химического элемента. Представлены данные о Mg-индуцированной активации канонического сигнального пути Wnt/β-Catenin в стромальных клетках костного мозга человека, что, в свою очередь, способствует их дифференцировке в остеобласты и тем самым обеспечивает остеогенный эффект и восстановление костных дефектов. Приведена информация о роли молекулярных механизмов, ответственных за остеопромоторное действие Mg2+, связанных с уникальными катионными каналами TRPM7, опосредующих приток Mg2+, необходимого для влияния фактор роста тромбоцитов, а также на пролиферацию, адгезию и миграцию остеобластов человека и обеспечение Mg2+-ассоциированных остеорегенераторных эффектов.

Кроме того, в обзоре рассмотрено влияние Mg2+ на механизмы внутриклеточной передачи сигналов, экспрессию фактора роста эндотелия сосудов, фактора, индуцируемого гипоксией (HIF)-2α, и гамма-коактиватора рецептора – 1-альфа (PGC-1α), активируемого пролифератором пероксисом.

Таким образом, Mg2+ может способствовать регенерации кости за счет усиления выработки коллагена типа X и фактора роста эндотелия сосудов остеогенными клетками в костной ткани.

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